Taburan spesies sargassum di Pulau Pinang dan beberapa faktor persekitaran yang :mempengaruhi fisiologi fotosintesis dan tumbesaran sargassum stolon~folium
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Date
2001-12
Authors
Dahalan, Ahmad Zahurl Bin
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Abstract
A research was carried out to determine the distribution of the Sargassum spp. in Penang
waters and the physiological photosynthesis of Sargassum stolonifolium. Three
Sargassum species were found in Penang waters and they are S. stolonifolium,
S. s1vartzii and S. crassifolium. All three species were found at Batu Feringhi whereas at
Muka Head · were two species namely S. stolonifolium and S. swartzii and at Sungai
Batu only S. crassifolium was present. S. stolonifolium was chosen for the study on
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physiological photosyhthesis as this species is the most dominant and was found in all
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the three locations.
The study on physiological photosyhthesis has shown that th~ physical and
chemical enviroment in which S. stolonifolium survives is the most suitable environment
for photosynthethic process and growth.
The rate of the photosynthesis of S. stolonifolium increases with increase in
light intensities and reaches a maximum at 745 - 755 jlmol photon m·2 s·1 at the rate of
416.0 jlmol02/gfw/h. Temperature is also a factor that influences the rate of
photosynthysis where 25 °C is the optimum temperature for S. stolonifolium. The
salinity which is most conducive for growth of S. stolonijolium is 30 %o. The efficiency
of photosynthesis occurs differently throughout the day (24 hours) and this shows the
circadian rhythm which is controlled by the biological clock. This study also shows that
the rate of photosynthesis of S. stolonifolium is not influenced by the light intensity but . .
by the sircadian rhythm. Dessication is also a factor which influence the growth rate
and photosynthesis of S. stolonifolium in the laboratory as well as in the field. Exposure
of the S. stolon{folium to ambient temperature for more than 60 minutes will kill it.
The growth rate, the content of chlorophyll a and c and the photosynthetic rate
of S. stolonifolium which survives above the intertidal zone was lower compared to
those below the zone. The results in the sequence factors above were at 33.7% compared
51.4% for those found below the sea level. The chlorophyll a was higher at 0.58 ± 0.2
mg/gfw/h abQve intertidal compared 0.46 ± 0.04 mg/gfw/h below while for chlorophyll
c was lower 0.08 ± 0.05 mg/gfw/h above compared to 0.13 ±0.02 mg/gfw/h below the
intertidal zone. The rate of photosynthesis was higher at 538.8 ± 16.2 J.Lmol photon
m·2 s·1 above intertidal compared at 322.3 ± 15.0 J.Lmol photon m"2 s"1 below the
intertidal zone.
The water depth was also found to be a factor influencing the photosynthetic
rate, the content of chlorophyll a and c and the growth rate of S. stolonifolium . The
maximum photosynthesis rate was found at 0.3m depth whereas for growth the depth of
0.3m and surface area_ were the most suitable. The content of chlorophyll a increased
with the increase in depth.
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Keywords
Spesies sargassum , Beberapa faktor persekitaran , Fisiologi fotosintesis , Tumbesaran sargassum stolonfolium