Paraoxonase 1 glutamine / arginine 192 polymorphisms in three ethnic groups in Malaysia
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Date
2009-02
Authors
Haji Abdul Hana, Normaizam
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Abstract
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the major cause of death globally,
including in Malaysia. Despite of sharing almost similar environmental
exposure, the prevalence of CHD was highest in Indian population compared to
the Malays and Chinese. We hypothesized that the Indians have genetic
predisposition to CHD. Paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) glutamine (Q) I arginine (R)
192 polymorphism has been shown to be associated with CHD. This study
was aimed to determine the distribution of lipid profile and genotype among the
three ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese and Indians) and also to study the
relationship of lipid profile and PON 1 genotype. A total of 155 healthy blood
samples were collected (54 Malays, 50 Chinese and 51 Indians) for lipid profile
estimation and PON 1 genotyping. The genotyping procedures involved the
DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Alw 1 digestion and agarose gel
electrophoresis. Statistical data were analyzed by ANOVA, ANCOVA, Chi
square and Pearson correlation tests.
The mean concentrations of plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC:HDL-C ratio were significantly higher in
Malays and Chinese than Indians (TC: p=O.035; LDL-C: p=0.039; p=O.016).
However, there were no significant differences in the plasma triglycerides (TG)
and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (TG: p=O.610;
HDL-C: p=O.225).
The overall genotype compositions were 34 % of QQ, 20 % of QR and
46 % of RR. The allele frequencies were 0.442 and 0.558 for Q and R
respectively for total subjects. The frequencies of QQ, QR and RR genotypes
were 39 %, 18 % and 43 % for both Malays and Indians groups and 24 %, 24
% and 52 % for Chinese group respectively. The allele frequencies were 0.48
and 0.52 for Q and R allele respectively for both Malays and Indians, while it
was 0.36 for Q and 0.64 for R in Chinese. PON 1 genotype (p=0.483) and
allele distributions (p=O.134) were statistically not significant among the ethnic
groups. After classification by NCEP-ATP III guidelines, the frequency of lower
HDL group were 2.2 times and 3.2 times more in Indians compared to Malays
and Chinese respectively.
The mean concentrations of plasma TC, LDL-C and TC:HDL-C ratio
were significantly higher in RR compared to QR and QQ (TC: p=O.013; LDL-C:
p=0.019; TC:HDL-C: p=O.03). The plasma HDL-C was also significantly
different but it was higher in QR than RR and QQ (p=0.002). However, there
was no significant difference in the plasma TG among three genotypes
(p=0.292).
As a conclusion, the highest CHD prevalence in Indian population in
Malaysia may be due to the more frequency of subjects with lower HDL-C
group. The distribution of PON 1 glutamine I arginine polymorphism is
independent of ethnicity.
The PON 1 R allele was associated to elevation of 11.1 % of TC, 16.5 %
of LDL-C and 16.3 % of TC:HDL-C ratio. PON 1 Gin I Arg 192 polymorphism
should be added as one of the risk factors for determination of the progression
of premature CHD among healthy populations of Malaysia
Description
Keywords
Coronary Heart Disease is the major cause , of death globally including in Malaysia.