Modenisme dan fundamentalisme dalam politik islam : satu kajian perbandingan kes parti masyumi di Indonesia dan jama'at-i-islami di Pakistan (1940 - 1960)

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Date
1993
Authors
Ihza, Yusril
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Abstract
The thesis is a comparative study of two mainstream in contemporary Islamic politics, the so called "modernism" and "fundamentalism". By using "verstehen" method, the thesis tries to analyse the "elective affinity" between the characteristics of the two mainstreams with the structure of organization, leadership, program and political behaviour of these two Islamic political parties. The "modernist" Masyumi Islamic Party in Indonesia and the "fundamentalist" Jama'at-i-Islami Party in Pakistan are the objects of analyses. The period covered by the study is between 1940-1960. The study has three main objectives. First, it attempts a new approach to understanding modernism and fundamentalism as mainstreams in contemporary Islamic politics, which has not been specifically undertaken by earlier researchers. Second, the thesis tries to clarify the characteristics of modernism and fundamentalism as "analytical categories" in comparative politics. Third, it attempts to formulate a general guideline of categorizing modernist and fundamentalist Islamic political parties, especialiy in relation to their organizations, programs and political attitudes of the leaders. The thesis found that althought modernism and fundamentalism are based on the same religious doctrine, they have their own characteristics. They differ in their views toward the interpretation of the doctrine, especially with regards to ijtihad, the position of early Islamic tradition, the ijmak, pluralistic society and the position of hikmah. The thesis also found that there is "elective affinity" between characteristics of modernism and fundamentalism with the structure of organization, leadership, programs and political behaviour of the Islamic political parties. "Elective affinity" as concept is useful in analyzing differences between modernist and fundamentalist Islamic political parties.***
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Keywords
Fundamentalisme , Parti masyumi , Jama'at-i-islami
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