Modenisme dan fundamentalisme dalam politik islam : satu kajian perbandingan kes parti masyumi di Indonesia dan jama'at-i-islami di Pakistan (1940 - 1960)
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Date
1993
Authors
Ihza, Yusril
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Abstract
The thesis is a comparative study of two mainstream in
contemporary Islamic politics, the so called "modernism"
and "fundamentalism". By using "verstehen" method, the
thesis tries to analyse the "elective affinity" between
the characteristics of the two mainstreams with the
structure of organization, leadership, program and
political behaviour of these two Islamic political
parties. The "modernist" Masyumi Islamic Party in
Indonesia and the "fundamentalist" Jama'at-i-Islami Party
in Pakistan are the objects of analyses. The period
covered by the study is between 1940-1960.
The study has three main objectives. First, it
attempts a new approach to understanding modernism and
fundamentalism as mainstreams in contemporary Islamic
politics, which has not been specifically undertaken by
earlier researchers. Second, the thesis tries to clarify
the characteristics of modernism and fundamentalism as
"analytical categories" in comparative politics. Third,
it attempts to formulate a general guideline of
categorizing modernist and fundamentalist Islamic
political parties, especialiy in relation to their
organizations, programs and political attitudes of the
leaders.
The thesis found that althought modernism and
fundamentalism are based on the same religious doctrine,
they have their own characteristics. They differ in their
views toward the interpretation of the doctrine,
especially with regards to ijtihad, the position of early
Islamic tradition, the ijmak, pluralistic society and the
position of hikmah.
The thesis also found that there is "elective
affinity" between characteristics of modernism and
fundamentalism with the structure of organization,
leadership, programs and political behaviour of the
Islamic political parties. "Elective affinity" as concept
is useful in analyzing differences between modernist and
fundamentalist Islamic political parties.***
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Keywords
Fundamentalisme , Parti masyumi , Jama'at-i-islami