Comparison of the effects of two types of progressive muscle relaxation (7 and 16 muscle groups) on selected psychophysiological and psychomotor parameters following repeated sub-maximal intensity exercise in young athletes
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Date
2013-06
Authors
Syed Mud Puad, Sharifah Maimunah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The present study was undertaken with an objective to compare the
effectiveness of two types of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) (7 and 16
muscle groups) on selected psychophysiological and psychomotor parameters
following repeated sub-maximal intensity exercise. Twenty six physically active
young males with the mean age 13.4 ± 0.5 years old, weight 50.8 ± 8.1 kg, BMI
19.2 ± 1.7 kg.m ¹, VO2max 54.48 ± 6.67 ml.kg ¹.min ¹ and HRmax 201.7 ± 1.5
beats.min ¹ participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the control
group (n = 8) and two intervention groups: 16 muscle groups Progressive Muscle
Relaxation (n = 9) and 7 muscle groups Progressive Muscle Relaxation (n = 9).
Each participant was tested in three experimental sessions; pre-intervention, midintervention
(after 6 sessions of relaxation training) and post-intervention (after 12
sessions of relaxation training). In every experimental evaluation, muscle electrical
activity (EMG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were measured. For parameters
such as oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE),
choice reaction time, and concentration, the measurements were conducted only on
experimental evaluation 1 and experimental evaluation 3. Experimental evaluations
1 and 3 consist of four trials, where subjects had to run at 60% VO max for 10
minutes followed by 90% VO2max for 2 minutes in each trial. VO2, heart rate and
RPE were recorded at the end of each trial. Then, it was followed by 3 minutes
resting interval where choice reaction time and concentration (grid test) were
measured. Participants from the intervention groups attended the relaxation training
program for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. The results of two-way repeated
measure ANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) interaction between groups
across the experimental sessions in heart rate, GSR mean of tonic skin
conductance (Sc), choice reaction time, and concentration grid test. Pair wise
comparison analysis revealed a significant improvement in heart rate and
concentration grid test for both intervention groups compare to control group. After
12 sessions of PMR training, 16 muscle groups PMR subjects showed a significant
improvement in GSR mean of tonic skin conductance (Sc) and choice reaction time
compare to control group. However, the results revealed a non significant (p > 0.05)
interaction between the groups across the experimental sessions in other
parameters. While the results reported previously focused on the long-term effect,
the immediate effect of the PMR training showed that 16 muscle groups PMR
subjects has significantly lower SFs compare to control group. Besides that, both
intervention groups improved ScAL after training session. The results also showed
that control group takes significantly longer Ts from pre to post test. However, there
were no significant interactions in Ss, Sc and coping response. In conclusion, 12
sessions of 16 muscle groupsPMR training lead to significant improvements in heart
rate, GSR mean of tonic skin conductance, choice reaction time and concentration
ability. Besides that, it also has better immediate effect after practicing technique.
Description
Keywords
Progressive Muscle Relaxation