Characterisation of standardised fraction from clinacanthus nutans (SF1) and its anti tumor effects on in vitro and xenograft model
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Date
2020-09
Authors
Zainuddin, Nik Aina Syazana Nik
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
administered once daily via intraperitoneal injection for 28 days. Tumor and liver were
surgically removed and fixed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and
immunohistochemistry (IHC) using caspase-3. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture
for assessment of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
level. The findings suggested that the major constituent of SF1 was identified as alkaloid
with functional group, amines. SF1 exhibited better cytotoxicity with best growth
inhibition against SiHa (IC50 = 9.98±1.24 μg/ml) compared to HeLa (IC50 = 81.21±1.17
μg/ml) and showed cytoselectivity with no IC50 detected on NIH cells. SF1 induced early
apoptosis in SiHa cells with arrested cell cycle at G1/S checkpoint. Up-regulation of p53
followed by increasing of pro-apoptotic Bax and decreasing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as
well as increment of cytochrome C levels upon treatment with SF1 were also shown. The
results showed that tumor volume (60.18±2.17 mm3) in SF1-treated mice were reduced
compared to negative control (139.16±12.97 mm3). Upon SF1 treatment, 43.74± 2.27%
of relative tumor growth ratio (T/C) and 0.64±0.03 of relative tumor volume (RTV) were
calculated. SF1 showed a good inhibition rate with more than 50% of tumor were
suppressed. ALT and AST level in SF1-treated mice were remained in normal ranges
compared to cisplatin group indicating no sign of toxicity effects. The H&E analysis
revealed no abnormal toxicity condition on liver and reduced number of mitosis on tumor
upon treatment with SF1. The IHC analysis confirmed an increased expression of a
crucial mediators of apoptosis, caspase-3, in SF1-treated mice. In conclusion, SF1
demonstrated anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis through arrested G1/S cell cycle
checkpoint via p53 mediated mitochondrial pathway. The tumor suppression effect of
SF1 was demonstrated on the growth of xenografted human cervical cancer in nude mice.
Thus, these findings provided a data for a potential of SF1 as future therapeutic drug for
cervical cancer treatment
Description
Keywords
Cervical cancer