PENGGUNAAN ALGA PERIFITON DI DALAM PENILAIAN STATUS KUALITI AIR LEMBANGAN SUNGAI PINANG
| dc.contributor.author | WAN OMAR, WAN MAZNAH | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-01-12T03:26:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-01-12T03:26:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2002-07 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Water quality status of Sg. Pinang Basin was determined by physico-chemical monitoring and by periphytic algal indicators colonized on artificial substrates (glass slides). Water quality index (WQI) that was computed based on the mean values of six parameters (DO, BOD, COD, pH, ammonia-N and suspended solids) showed that station A was clean, water quality at stations Band C were relatively good, and station I was moderately polluted, whereas other downstream stations were highly polluted. Periphytic algae attached on glass slides consisted of 80 species of Bacillariophyta, 13 species of Cyanophyta and 18 species of Chlorophyta. The concept of bioindicators and the specific saprobic zone of diatom species, expressed in the form of saprobic index (S-values), showed that station A is clean (good water quality, S = 1.4), water quality at stations B and C were fairly good (S = 1.962 and 1.781 respectively), station I was classified as slightly polluted (S= 2.292) and other stations downstream were highly polluted organically. with S-values ranging between 2.811 and 3.092. The sampling stations along Sg. Pinang Basin could be divided into four zones of saprobic contamination, namely Polysaprobic Zone (very heavily polluted stations; J and L), Alpha-mesosaprobic Zone (heavily polluted stations), Beta- mesosaprobic Zone (moderately polluted station; I) and Oligosaprobic Zone (clean stations; A, B and C). There was a marked trend in the abundance of certain group of diatom species, namely saprophobous species (eg. Achnanthes minutissima, A. woltereckii, A. oblongella, Cocconeis pediculus, C. placentula, Fragilaria capucina, Psammothidium bioretii and Surirella linearis, saprobic valency value 1), saproxenous species (eg. Diatoma sp., E. monodon var. a/pina, Fragilaria sp. 1, Gomphonema gracile, G. subventricosum and Navicu/a cryptocepha/a, saprobic valency value 2 - 3), and saprophilic species (eg. Gomphonema parvu/um, Achnanthes exigua, A. exigua var heterovalva, Hantzschia amphioxys, Nitzschia amphibia, N. pa/ea, Pinnularia biceps and P. biceps f. petersenii, saprobic valency value 3 - 4). In this study, saprophobous and saprophilic species could be indicator for clean and polluted waters respectively. In general, clean stations have higher species richness and diatom diversity (Shannon-Wiener index, H') than the polluted stations downstream, except for stations near estuary (G and H). The highly polluted station (station L) had the lowest values of species richness (mean S = 9.941), evenness (0.645) and diversity (mean H' = 2.133). Species diversities (H') at stations G and H (mean 3.563 and 3~537 respectively) were higher than clean stations although WQI and S-values showed that these stations were highly polluted. Discriminant analysis using the density of diatom also successfully discriminate sampling stations into clean, polluted and brackish waters. Autotrophic index (AI) that was determined as the ratio of AFDW: chlorophyll a reflects the conditions of sampling stations, with the lowest value (754.70) was recorded at the most cleanest station (A), the value increases at polluted stations downstream, and the highest AI was recorded at station L (1206.99). Although the occurrence of algal species on artificial substrate (glass slides) were selective, but it remains possible that the use of artificial substrate reduces the heterogeneity of the naturally occurring substrate and it was a standard means of comparison between sites with differing substrates. The conditions of water quality in Sg. Pinang Basin were clearly reflected both in physico-chemical parameters, as well as in biotic indices and non-taxonomic measurements of periphytic algae. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1366 | |
| dc.subject | PENGGUNAAN ALGA | en_US |
| dc.subject | PENILAIAN STATUS | en_US |
| dc.title | PENGGUNAAN ALGA PERIFITON DI DALAM PENILAIAN STATUS KUALITI AIR LEMBANGAN SUNGAI PINANG | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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