Development And Competition In Rice Weevil, Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) And Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst), And Their Responses To Active Compounds In Selected Spices.
| dc.contributor.author | Wong, Nellie Su Chee | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-02-08T07:48:38Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-02-08T07:48:38Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Stored product insects causes more than 20 % in total damages to stored products in developing countries and 9 % in total damages to stored products in developed countries on a yearly basis. Food security is threatened especially with the rapid increase in world population. This thesis focuses on the behavioural and control aspects of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Both are two of the most common stored products insect attacking stored products in tropical countries. A study on the insects’ development rates in different mediums were carried out. Sitophilus oryzae were exposed to unpolished brown rice, local polished rice, parboiled rice, calrose rice basmati rice, red rice, black glutinous rice and fragrant polished rice. The weevils preferred mediums with lower carbohydrate contents but higher contents of ash and fibre. Eight types of flour and starch (atta flour, enriched wheat flour, self-rising flour, rice flour, custard powder flour, corn flour, tapioca starch, and potato starch) were used to rear T. castaneum and the beetles developed well in mediums with higher protein contents, while high carbohydrate contents were detrimental to their development. Competition between and within the species is dependent on the initial population density. In the intraspecific study, the fecundity of S. oryzae and T. castaneum was reduced above and below a certain initial population density. However, the interspecific study showed that an increase in initial density of T. castaneum has a gradual negative impact on the progeny development of S. oryzae but no effect vice versa. Both insect species were exposed to five spices (Elettaria cardamomum (L.), Brassica nigra (L.), Rosmarinus officinalis L., Capsicum frutescens L., and Cassia auriculata L.) in both whole and powdered form. Although high mortality was not recorded when the insects were exposed to the whole formed spices, but S. oryzae was more susceptible than T. castaneum. Among the spices tested, the powdered form of E. cardamomum was most effective against both insect species. Finally, a study to determine the repellency effects of extracted materials from the spices against the test insects was carried out. Elettaria cardamomum was again found as the best repellent candidate. The presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, acid esters, carboxylic acids as well as some unknown compounds may have attributed to the repellent property of the spice. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3694 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia | en_US |
| dc.subject | Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). | en_US |
| dc.title | Development And Competition In Rice Weevil, Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) And Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst), And Their Responses To Active Compounds In Selected Spices. | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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