Genetic basis of supernumerary tooth
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Date
2019
Authors
Kannan, Suhailiza S
Yasmin, Sarliza
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Pengajian Sains Pergigian, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Teeth are highly mineralised tissues located at the entrance of the alimentary tract in both invertebrates and vertebrates [1]. Teeth are the elements of dermal skeleton that are present in a wide range of jawed vertebrates [2]. Though the main function of teeth is in chewing food, yet, they are also associated with defence, display of dominance as well as in the vocalisation in humans [3]. The human dentition comprises 20 teeth in the primary dentition and 32 in the permanent dentition [4, 5, 6]. Tooth agenesis denotes missing tooth/teeth as a result of developmental failure that results in decreased number of normal complement in human dentition [7]. Conversely, a supernumerary tooth denotes any tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed from a tooth germ resulting in more than the usual number of any given region in a dental arch [4, 5, 6]. A search was made in databases using the keywords ‘supernumerary teeth, mouse, humans, genetics’. The articles collected were subjected to a systematic review to analyse the genetic basis of supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth can be seen in many genetic disorders; but they are more common in syndromes like Gardner’s syndrome, cleft lip and palate and cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) and less commonly seen in Fabry disease, Nance-Horan syndrome, Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome [8]. Genetic entities that represent supernumerary teeth as a salient finding have been attributed to autosomal dominant inheritance, X chromosome inheritance and to both the inheritance patterns based on their locus heterogeneity [9]. Also, there are many reports supporting the theory of familial tendency to supernumerary teeth which were more evident in the relatives of the affected individuals [10]. Moreover, Seema Gupta and Praveen Kumar reported based on their study that in 8.6% of cases, there was a history of the same abnormality observed in other members of the family, which ascertained the hereditary nature of hyperdontia to occur [11].
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Keywords
teeth