Pemantauan entomologikal terhadap nyamuk di dalam kampus Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Date
2009-04
Authors
Asuar, Muhamad Firdaus
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Abstract
A study on a malaria outbreak in Bukit Gambir on the Southeast district of
Penang Island was carried out for 14 months from February 2006 until March 2007. This
study details the occurrence of malaria among the population according to age and
profession. The age group between 21-30 years old recorded the highest malaria
infection, while farm workers, rubber tappers, tourists, construction workers and illegal
immigrants were the groups susceptible to the disease. A total of 80.93% of the malaria
cases was caused by Plasmodium vivax, 15.69% by P. falcifarum, 0.98% by P. malariae
and 2.94% by P. vivax and P. falcifarum. The malaria cases involved 10 citizenship
including Malaysian, and the highest were among Indonesian comprising 69.90% of the
total number of cases.
A study on the bionomics of Anopheles mosquitoes was also carried out.
Throughout the study, seven Anopheles species were found namely An. barbirostris
(2.52%), An. separatus (2.31%). An. umbrosus (0.68%), An. nigerrimus (0.08%), An.
maculatus (91.23%). An. vagus (3.02 %) and An. ramsay; (0.16%). Anopheles larve
were present in five habitats. ie. natural ditches, rivers. water reservoirss. hilly area and
man made drains. Anopheles spp. bite throughout the night with several biting patterns.
Anopheles maculatus shows its first biting peak at 2300 hours and the second peak at
0200 hours. while An. vagus bites throughout the night with the first biting peak at 2100
hours and the second peak at 0400 hours. Anopheles separatus displays the first biting
peak at 2100 and the second biting peak at 0300, An. umbrosus bites with the highest
biting peak at 0200 and the second highest peak at 2200. Anopheles ramsayi was
observed with two same biting peaks at 2000 and 0300 hours. Anopheles barbirostris
shows three biting peaks, the highest at 0200 hours and the second peaks at 2000 and
0300. Anopheles nigerrimus does not bite throughout the night, this species was
observed to bite only at 2300 hours. Seasonal abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes was
closely related to rainfall abundance. The main vector, An. maculatus showed no
resistance to DDT4% , Malathion 5% and Permethrin 0.75% .
Description
Keywords
The occurrence of malaria among the population , according to age and profession.