Odour emission from palm oil mill with different effluent treatment system
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Date
2017-06
Authors
Muhammad Yusof Bin Merzuki
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Abstract
Odours caused by Palm Oil Mill operations have become a major environmental
issue in the Palm Oil Mill industry in Malaysia. Effluent pond is the major source of
odours. It is assumed that the odour emission from ponds are mainly driven by pond
loading rate. This undesirable odour will not only affect the air quality concern but also
the surrounding residential and institutional area. Therefore, the application of pond
cover and tank digester had been implement to remove the odour from palm oil mill
anaerobic pond. Pond cover and tank digester is widely used over the world in dealing
with odour problems but the use of this system in Malaysia is still low, especially for
Palm Oil Mill. In this study, three different Palm Oil Mill had been choose open pond,
covered pond and tank digester to compare the odours emission from this three different
system and to identify odour limit for palm oil mill effluent. Odour assessment was
performed on site, using the SM-100 In-field olfactometer next to the anaerobic pond,
anaerobic covered lagoon and anaerobic tank digesters. In addition to in-field odour
assessments, flux hood and vacuum chamber being used for odour sampling at the
cooling pond and sample had been send to laboratory for dynamic olfactometry analysis.
Ammonia test and hydrogen sulfide concentration were also done on odour sampling
sample to identify amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide had been released to
atmosphere. POME sample were also being collected at this three cooling pond to
identify ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and total solid. Based on the result, the odour limits
for palm oil mill effluent is 57,000 OU/m³. Average of odour emission from uncovered
lagoon is 3387 OU/m³, covered lagoon is 185 OU/m3 , and for tank digester is 4.0 OU/m3 Total reduction of odour emission when using the covered lagoon is about 95% and 99% when using the tank digester. Therefore, by using cover and tank digester for effluent treatment system, can control the odour emission to atmosphere.