Antidiabetic properties of andrographis paniculata and its possible mechanism of actions
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Date
2006
Authors
Kasmuri, Abdul Razak
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Abstract
The study is aimed at a comprehensive initial pharmacological evaluation on
Andrographis paniculata for further study as well as reconciling the previous scientific
findings. Based on folklore claims and earlier scientific findings, the study was
conducted to investigate and prove the antidiabetic properties of the plant.
The study comprised pharmacological models which were either adopted or
modified from conventionally used models. The models consist of in vivo, in vitro and
ex vivo models. The in vivo models, either normal or experimental induced-diabetic rats
were tested with Hypoglycaemic and Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance test (IPGTT).
The aspect of acute single and chronic administrations was also taken into
consideration. The blood glucose level was the main parameter measured in the
models beside insulin level and physical or histological assessment of {3 cells. The in
vitro consists of two models of Modified Averted Jejunal Sac Preparation and Isolated
Abdominal Muscle Preparation. The RIN5f of f3 cells line was used as the ex vivo
model. All tests in the experimental models were designed and tested with
corresponding negative and positive controls.
The plant extracts of different percentage of ethanol namely, 95%, 50%, 20%
and 0% (water) ethanol extracts were investigated by the _models mentioned at the
screening dose of 1 OOOmg/kg.
The results showed that 20% ethanol extract possessed antihyperglycaemic
effect in IPGTI on normal rats after single administration. And after fractionation the
aqueous part of the extract was found to be active. On the other hand, the 95% and
50% ethanol extracts showed antihyperglycaemic effect in diabetic rats after 14 days
during which twice daily doses were administered. All extracts positively showed the
ability to promote rejuvenation of destroyed p cells and this result is maybe due to its
antioxidant property. Furthermore the study also showed that there was significant
reduction of insulin levels in the 95% and 50% ethanol treated rats. The reduction of
both fasting blood glucose and insulin levels indicates that there was a possibility of
increase receptors sensitivity towards insulin. In the Modified Averted Jejunal Sac
Preparation, 95% and 50% ethanol extracts showed the inhibition of glucose
absorption. However, all extracts significantly increase glucose uptake and act
independently of insulin influence on the muscle. The result of cell line showed that
none of the extracts stimulate the p cells to secrete insulin.
The study managed to show that A. paniculata extracts particularly the 95% and
50% ethanol extracts have antidiabetic properties and act at different level of
mechanisms either pancreatic or non pancreatic. The mechanisms are rejuvenating or
promoting the growth of fJ cells, inhibition of glucose absorption in the intestine,
increase glucose uptake in the muscle, and increase sensitivity of insulin receptors.
These findings make the A. paniculata a promising remedy in treating both T1 OM and
T2DM.
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Keywords
Andrographis paniculata , Possible mechanism