Penerokaan komponen-komponen komunikatif dan pembinaan skema pemarkahan holistik berfokus bagi menggred perlakuan karangan Bahasa Malaysia Sekolah Menengah

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Date
2000-05
Authors
Othman, Hashim
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the vanous communicative components in secondary school Bahasa Malaysia essays in order to develop three versions of focused holistic scoring schemes (Communicative Schemes) to grade performance in essays which are indicative of language proficiency from the communicative perspective. This study was conducted in two stages. The first stage explored and identified the communicative components from sample essays, followed by validation of the three versions of the essay analysis schemes constructed to gather data on communicative competence. The second stage was employed to construct and validate the Communicative Schemes based on the communicative components that were identified in the first stage. The sample essays for both stages of this research were written by form four students from eight secondary schools in Penang and Kedah Darul Aman. Specifically, nine hundred and thirty-two essays were employed for the exploration of the communicative components and the validation of essay analysis schemes (31 0 explanatory, 316 persuasive, and 306 expressive essays). Three hundred and thirty-four sample essays were examined for the validation of the Communicative Schemes (II 0 explanatory, Ill persuasive, and 113 expressive essays). The exploration of the communicative components in the first stage of research was performed through factor analysis procedure, while the validation of the essay analysis schemes was obtained through internal consistency computations, i.e. item-total reliability and correlation between the schemes and each of its components. Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity correlation coefficients were computed to validate the three versions of the Communicative Schemes. The fmdings of the study confirmed the presence of communicative components termed as sociolinguistics, discourse, and grammar in explanatory, persuasive, and expressive essays. The three versions of the essay analysis schemes were found to be highly valid and reliable. In addition, there is a high inter-rater reliability for each version of the three Communicative Schemes. There are also high correlations between each of the three versions of the Communicative Schemes and two other established scoring schemes which verify the validity of the former instruments. It is concluded that Bahasa Malaysia essay-writing in secondary schools represents a performance that contains communicative constructs. Therefore, the teaching of Bahasa Malaysia essay-writing and the assessment of its performance could be conducted through the communicative perspective. The Communicative Schemes, which integrate criterion-and-norm-referenced elements constructed in this study, could function as altenative instruments for teachers to assess Bahasa Malaysia essay-writing skills, particularly in school-based assessment of language proficiency.
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Grading and marking
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