In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extracts Against Selected Urogenital Pathogens

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dc.contributor.authorBaharuddin, Nur Saeida
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-11T01:43:07Z
dc.date.available2017-09-11T01:43:07Z
dc.date.issued2016-06
dc.description.abstractUrogenital infections of non-sexual origin such as yeast vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection remain one of the major unsolved medical problems partly due to the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms. Galls of Quercus infectoria have been traditionally used to treat common infectious diseases including urogenital infections. This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Q. infectoria gall extracts against several urogenital pathogenic species. Antimicrobial activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of Q. infectoria galls were screened against a panel of standard and clinical strains of urogenital pathogens including Candida species, Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the two fold serial microplate dilution technique of concentrations ranging from 16 to 0.01 mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined by subculturing the clear broth in microplate wells onto the surface of Mueller Hinton plate. The presence of potential compounds in the crude extracts was screened by phytochemical qualitative and quantitative tests (GC-MS). The chemical compound that was similar to the main identified compound in the extracts was also tested for their comparable antimicrobial activity. Baclight Kit and Fungalight Kit were used to determine the cell death mechanism of microorganisms and subsequently measured using flow cytometer. Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed substantial antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and also Candida species. The most susceptible organism in ATCC strain were Proteus vulgaris (17.00 mm), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (18.00 mm), and C. parapsilosis (24.00 mm) while in clinical strain, higher inhibition zones recorded in P. vulgaris (15.00 mm), S. saprophyticus (19.00 mm) and C. krusei (21.33 mm) against both extracts. The lowest MIC and MBC/MFC values were 0.16 and 0.06 mg/ml for bacteria and Candida respectively. Both of the extracts showed bactericidal and fungicidal activity against all of bacterial species and few Candida species which are C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. Phytochemical test showed the presence of tannin in both extracts and “Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry” (GC-MS) analysis showed that the major compound in both extracts was pyrogallol. Pyrogallol inhibited all of the pathogen tested within the study. The antimicrobial mechanism of Q. infectoria gall extracts was most likely be attributed by the microbial cell membrane damage. This study suggests that Q. infectoria gall extracts are potentially useful as an alternative agent for the treatment of urogenital infections.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4565
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversiti Sains Malaysiaen_US
dc.subjectIn-vitro antimicrobial activityen_US
dc.subjectof quercus infectoria gall extracts.en_US
dc.titleIn-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extracts Against Selected Urogenital Pathogensen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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