Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of etlingera elatior flower (bunga kantan) aqueous extract in rat with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin
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Date
2022-03
Authors
Nor, Nor Asiah Muhamad
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern that leads to multiple
complications, including renal failure. Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants in
disease management is increasing exponentially due to their beneficial health effects.
Traditionally, the flower of Etlingera elatior (bunga kantan) has been used as a
supplement for diabetic management. However, very little scientific evidence on the
efficacy of this plant in DM. This study aims to determine the anti-diabetic effect of
E. elatior flower aqueous extract (EEAE) and improvement in renal damage on the
type 2 DM rat (T2DR) model. The in vitro antioxidant, and in vitro anti-diabetic
activity of EEAE were determined by inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes.
The T2DR model was achieved using a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding
and streptozotocin (STZ). Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were equally
divided into seven groups; normal, obese, untreated-DM, metformin-treated, and
EEAE-treated at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg. All treatments were orally administered
for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were measured
weekly, while the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was fortnightly. At the end of the
study, levels of biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers were determined.
The histology of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and aorta was assessed using
haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The kidney tissue was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and special staining; periodic acid
Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome (MT). Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-6
(IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor
(CTGF) in kidney tissue were elucidated. There were significant in vitro antioxidant
activities, and in vitro inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In EEAEtreated
T2DR, FBG and SBP were significantly lower compared to other groups.
When compared to untreated-T2DR, EEAE improved lipid profile, renal and liver
function tests, and significantly increased antioxidant biomarkers levels (superoxide
dismutase/SOD, catalase/CAT, and glutathione/GSH). In addition, there was an
improvement in liver, kidney, and pancreatic histology of EEAE-treated at low and
medium doses. EEAE also decreased the level of IL-6, TGF-β, and CTGF in kidney
tissue. In conclusion, E. elatior has anti-diabetic activity, which can be attributed to
its antioxidant properties and reduction of the inflammatory process.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus , Type 2