Antibacterial, Anticandidal, Antioxidant Activities And Toxicity Of Euphorbia Hirta L.
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Date
2011-07
Authors
R. M. Abuarra, Basma
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Much work has been done to reveal the antimicrobial and phytochemical
constituents of medicinal plants and using them for the treatment of various ailments
as alternatives to chemically synthetic drugs. The antimicrobial activities of the
methanolic extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. leaves, flowers, stems and roots were
evaluated against some medically important bacteria and yeast using the agar disc
diffusion method. Four Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus
sp., Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringensis), four Gram negative bacteria
(Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Proteous mirabilis)
and one yeast (Candida albicans) were screened. Inhibition zones ranged between
16–29 mm. Leaves extract inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms with
large zones of inhibition, followed by flowers, which also inhibited all the bacteria
except C. albicans. The most susceptible microbes to all extracts were S. aureus and
Micrococcus sp. The lowest MIC values were obtained from E. coli and C. albicans
(3.12 mg/ml), followed by S. aureus (12.50 mg/ml) and P. mirabilis (50.00 mg/ml).
All the other bacteria had MIC values of 100.00 mg/ml. Time-kill assay of
C.
albicans indicated a fungicidal effect at 1 and 2 fold MIC. Scanning and transmission
electron microscopic studies (SEM and TEM) of
C. albicans revealed that cells
exposed to the leaf extract displayed drastic external and internal structural changes
which increased with increasing time of treatment. GC-MS analysis indicated the
presence of six different compounds in the leaf extract.
Description
Keywords
Antibacterial, Anticandidal, Antioxidant , Euphorbia Hirta L.