Effect Of Methadone On Chronic Illnesses And Behaviors Among People With Opioid Use Disorder (Oud) Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment (Mmt) At Pontian Primary Healthcare Clinics
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Date
2021-04
Authors
Rizal, Mohemmad Redzuan Mohemmad
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The prolonged methadone treatment may affect the patient’s health status,
such as developing chronic illness, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular events,
co-morbidities, and affecting liver functions lead to decrease patient quality of
life. Besides, the effectiveness of MMT is also based on the behavior of OUD to
quit taking the illicit drug. This study aims to determine the effect of methadone
towards chronic illness and behavior among OUD in primary healthcare precisely
to assess the prevalence of chronic disease and co-morbidities, survival and
mortality rate, and also the behavior among OUD on the acquisition of illicit
drug. It is two-part of study that was conducted from September 2018 to
September 2019; part one is a retrospective study to determine the prevalence,
and mortality rate on OUD by retrieving data from the medical record and file
patient record from 2007 until 2019. While part two is a prospective study to
evaluate OUD behavior on the acquisition of illicit drugs during MMT by using a
validated questionnaire. For part two, 164 people with OUD were recruited for
interviewed through random sampling. Both data collected from parts one and
two were entered into SPPS. In part one, a total of 380 OUDs enrolled MMT at
Pontian district, minority were HIV positive (n=65, 17.1%) and unknown (n=6,
1.6%). Majority were HCV (n=234, 61.6%), clear status (n=101, 26.6%) and HBV (n=45, 11.8%). Prevalence OUDs on chronic illness: diabetes (6.6%),
hypertension (5.5%), Dyslipidaemia (4.5%), Ischaemic heart disease (1.3%),
respiratory disease (1.6%) and underlying co-morbidities (2.9%). Prevalence on
infectious disease: HIV (16.1%), Hepatitis (71.3%), HIV and Hepatitis (1.3%),
tuberculosis (0.5%), hepatitis and tuberculosis (5.5%) and HIV, Hepatitis and
tuberculosis (14.5%). An analysis of all death occurred 12 years with mortality
rate 98/1000 (25.8%). In part two, 164 OUDs (male, n=161:98.2%) (female,
n=3:1.8%) were interviewed with median income rm 1000.00. Mean score
personal behavior [78.6%: 23.6 (5.7)], conduct behavior [85.4%: 20.5(4.1)],
emotional behavior [80.3%: 24.1(5.5)] and illicit drug use [78.6%: 33(12.2)]. In
conclusion, the prevalence of chronic illness and infectious disease among people
with OUDs helps healthcare providers undergone clinical intervention and early
screening in order to reduce the risk of developing the disease. While, as a
behavior outcome, methadone treatment helps people with OUD as they perceive
to have good behaviour during receiving methadone which reduce risk taking
illicit drugs, develop personal character and self-conduct, enhance and strengthen
emotional among people with OUDs.
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Keywords
Pharmacy