Design and implementation of multiplatform indoor and outdoor tracking system
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Date
2016-09-01
Authors
Farhana Ahmad Poad
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Abstract
RFID has the potential to address the inadequacy of GPS inside closed
environment. While, WSN is capable to extend the communication range between
two sensor nodes and GSM supports WSN during network disruptions. Therefore, a
new multi-platform indoor and outdoor tracking (ER2G) system that operates at 2.4
GHz based on ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 standards is presented to overcome the
disadvantages present in each technology. The ER2G system with M2M
functionalities utilizes API mode to transmit and receive real time data wirelessly
and provides switching between indoor-outdoor location and WSN-GSM platform.
All tests are conducted in real environments as POC in achieving M2M
communication. The performance of ER2G system is evaluated and compared with
standalone RFID and ERG system, and it is found to be more efficient than both
systems. The results indicate that the ER2G system provides better LOS signal
propagation than the standalone RFID by 2.66 % indoor and 26.49 % outdoor. In
addition, the switching rate between indoor and outdoor is faster than the ERG
system by 0.95 % indoor and 16.47 % outdoor. The proposed algorithm based on AT
command request using API mode is able to transmit and receive data by 10.11 %
faster than the AT mode. The average tag collection times of ER2G system for TTF
and RTF protocols are 14.29 % and 7.14 % respectively, which are higher than the
standalone RFID. Furthermore, the average throughput of the standalone RFID is
18.06 % lower than ER2G system for TTF and 7.09 % higher than ER2G system for
RTF in multi-hops environment with 100 % delivery ratio.