Levels Of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) And Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) In Home And Commercially Produced Poultry Eggs In Malaysia
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Date
2019
Authors
Atiqah Tahziz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the two major perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), widely used in industrial and consumer products pertaining to their unique water and grease repellent properties. The large industrial manufacture of these compounds had raised substantial concern on health effects, due to their persistence nature and potential toxicity. The bioaccumulative properties resulted in their accumulation in environmental matrices, human samples, as well as in food sources and food products. In human, food consumption was reportedly to be a significant source of exposure for both PFOS and PFOA. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to determine the level of PFOS and PFOA in the yolk of poultry eggs in Malaysia. A total of 47 egg yolk samples, consisting of chicken eggs (n=40), duck eggs (n=3) and quail eggs (n=4) were collected from various sources of areas in Malaysia. These samples are extracted by simple protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile. The analytical method was developed using LC-MS/MS and validated based on FDA’s Bioanalytical Method Validation to ensure the quality and reliability of the method. The analysis of the samples revealed that PFOS was quantitatively detected in six samples with the concentration range between 0.5 to 1.01 ng g-1. Among these, five samples are from home produced chicken eggs, and one sample was from a quail egg. The level of PFOA in all the samples were below the quantifiable limit (<0.1 ng g-1). In chicken eggs, neither PFOS nor PFOA were quantitatively detected in all the commercially produced source. This reveals that the contamination of PFCs in poultry eggs are mostly attributed to the nature of free foraging animals which have direct contact with the contaminants in soils and feeds. In conclusion, a fast and robust analytical method for analyzing PFOS and PFOA in egg yolk samples using LC-MS/MS was successfully developed and validated. The presence of these emerging contaminants in this study, indicated the widespread pollution in the environment. Further study on risk assessment towards dietary exposure of PFCs are suggested.
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Keywords
Poultry as laboratory animals