Simultaneous Extraction And Sterilization Of Palm Oil From Oil Palm Fibre Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Date
2004-04
Authors
S. BANANA, ADEL ASHUR
Journal Title
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Abstract
Palm oil fibre was extracted using SC-C02 as a solvent at different pressures of 13.7,
17.1, 20.7, 24.1, 27.6, 31.0, and 34.5 Mpa with constant temperature at 50°C.
Supercritical C02 extracts were fractionated into three fractions and each fraction \-vas
::,ollected for every 20 minutes. The total extraction process was performed for 60
minutes. The yield ofthe first fraction increased by increasing the pressure from 13.7 to
34.5 Mpa. Solubility of palm oil (PO) increased and total carbon dioxide (C02) used
decreased with increasing pressure. The solubility at lower pressure as 1.27 g oil / 100 g
C02, with the highest oil solubility of 18.43 g oil .I 100 g CO2 at 34.5 MPa.
The ANOVA program's tested on parameters studied showed that the yield was
significantly at different pressure .. The different Fatty comprises of, Caprylic (C8),
Capric (CIO) , Lauric(CI2) , Myristic(CI4) , (CIS), Palmatic (CI6) ,Margaric eCI7),
Stearic (CI8), Oleic (CI8:I), Linoleic(C18:2) , Linolenic( CI8:3), Arachidic (C20:0),
Gadoleic(C20: 1) .Palmatic acid is the major fatty acid in palm oil followed by Oleic
acid second fatty acid content and Linoleic acid.
Each fraction extracted using above parameters was analyzed for melting point,
Saponification value, Iodine value and acid value (free fatty acid). Sampled was tested
for presence of microorganism (bacteria) in the extraction, for studied indicated that
above 20.7 MPa and 40°C no bacteria was observed, because the sterilized all bacteria at
this parameters. were extracted for 60 minutes at different pressures of 13.7, 17.1 and
W.7 Mpa and at different temperatures at 40°C, 50 °C and 70° C. After 24 hours of
ncubation at 37° C the colonies were counted with dilution factor of colonies.
rhe bacteria were identified as rod bacteria (bacillus) and the reaction was gram
rlegative. The number of colonies was reduced with all bacteria were sterilized at high
temperature and high pressure, respectively. Further, the results showed no bacteria were
observed at above 20.7MPa and at 40°C, indicating that al the bacteria were sterilized at
this condition.
Organic solvent were compared with SC-C02 and with crude palm oil (CPO). There
were difference between the crude palm oil (CPO) from the factory (screw press) and
palm oil extracted with petroleum ether as a solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide.
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Keywords
Simultaneous Extraction And Sterilization Of Palm Oil , From Oil Palm Fibre Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide