Design And Implementation Of Multiband RFID System For Hypermarket e-Payment System
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Date
2019-05-01
Authors
Nalinggam, Renuka
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The bill creation method that applied in hypermarkets is time-consuming and
customers have to wait for a long time to get their bill. This research focuses on
finding a solution to reduce the waiting time at bill counter using embedded
multiband RFID technology. Passive RFID technology and ZigBee wireless module
characteristics were studied and multiband RFID system (EPARFID) system was
developed to be used to obtain experimental data to analyze WSN performance and
RFID characteristics. The EPARFID system was embedded with two mechanisms
which are the 915 MHz RFID passive system and 2.45 GHz ZigBee based active
RFID. The EPARFID system performance was tested and compared with the
standalone ZigBee module by focusing on common performance indicators such as
Communication range, Throughput Evaluation, Latency, Self-Healing and Data
Collision. Set of RFID characteristics experiments have been performed in this
research and some essential characteristics of RFID technology are successfully
found. It was found that the optimum distance between tag and reader is 0.7 m for
LOS and 0.3 m for NLOS. Based on the investigation, it is successfully validated
that RFID technology does not need LOS in detecting the passive tags. It also found
that the relative dielectric permittivity of the materials that being used in the
experiment is giving significant effects on EPARFID performance. Materials with
lower relative permittivity show consistence performances compared to materials
with higher relative permittivity. A combination of experimental data with analytical
EM models improves the extrapolation of RFID read-rates in a given environment.
The model approach is a step towards developing a robust methodology to predict
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RFID read-rates on complex set of materials or standard packaging materials (SPM).
The results obtained from the proposed prediction modeling of read rate based on
the Friis free space equation through a quantification of uncertainties provides new
insights on the nature of tag read rates. Furthermore, the confirmation of the
closeness of the proposed model approach with the EPARFID system experimental
data establishes the validity of the proposed modeling approach.