Using Fruit Enzymes For Extraction And Characterisation Of Collagen From Black Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Skin
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Date
2016-02
Authors
Zarini, An Nabil
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Collagen is a type of fibrous protein that serves as structural protein in
vertebrates. It serves as building blocks and provides flexibility for skin tissue, bone,
cartilage and tendons. In most organisms, collagen relates to the muscle toughness.
Collagens find it most valuable application in biomedical and pharmaceutical area as it
serves as biological scaffolds. Collagens are widely used in industries as edible and
photographic gelatin, sausage casings, leather industries, cosmetics and pharmacy. It
also serves as supports for enzymes or biologically active compounds due to its special
characteristics such as biodegradability and weak antigency properties (Lee et al., 2001).
Bovine and porcine bones and hides have been used as the main source for
collagen due to their abundance and availability. However, over the years, demand for
alternative collagen source has increased. Religious barrier, health concerns, increased
price and high demand over supplies of pigs and cows hides have been identified as the
main motivations for new alternative collagen sources. Due to the religious restriction,
sources from pigs were restricted for the Muslims and Jews, whilst the Sikhs and Hindus
were forbidden to consume collagen that was cow derived. Increased concerns on
transmissible Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease, swine flu
and foot-and-mouth disease endemic (FMD) that infects cows and pigs has somehow
results in declining and limited usage of collagen-derived products from both sources.
Over the years, there is a trend in increasing price of pig and cow hides in consequence
of increased raw collagen demand especially in China for gelatin and sausage casings manufacturing (A’Court, 2012). However, the demand could not be met since there is
reduction in cattle hides supplies from Europe and America (Ryan, 2013). Therefore,
there is a need for new collagen source that can benefit and fulfill the needs of all human
kinds regardless of their religion and ethnic.
Description
Keywords
Collagens