Characterization And Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrolytic Extraction Of Selected Malaysian Propolis
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Date
2015-02
Authors
KAI LIANG, YEO
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Abstract
Propolis was proven to possess a niche market in the nutraceuticals due to its proven
versatilities in pharmacological activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor etc.
The extents of pharmacological activities are affected by their geographical origins
with the local floras, bees species and season as the key influencing factors. Propolis
of various geographical origins was studied extensively, but little is known about
Malaysian propolis. Therefore, four sources of Malaysian propolis, i.e. Parit Nibong,
Sibu, Serian and 13th Miles, were investigated for their proximate characteristics,
bioactive contents, DPPH free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. These
characteristics were then benchmarked with the comprehensively studied Brazilian
propolis. Malaysian propolis, especially those from Sibu and Parit Nibong possessed
quality comparable to Brazilian propolis. Sibu propolis contain the highest bioactive
content with 155.41 ± 2.70 mg GAE equiv. / g EEP of total phenolic content and
212.27 ± 35.20 mg equiv. / g EEP of total flavonoids content respectively. The
bioactive content of all studied propolis reflected well on their antioxidant and
antibacterial properties. The gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
analysis indicated the presence of chief compounds like polyphenols and their
derivatives, flavonoids and carbohydrates. Due to challenges faced by maceration
extraction of propolis, which are time consuming and high solvent consumption (24
hours and 70% (v/v) ethanol, an alternative propolis extraction at varied pH is
furthered with ultrasonication. Such combination of techniques have never been
reported and thus the importance of this study. The parameters studied were solvent
concentration, pH and the ultrasonication period. The optimum time of extraction was
1 hour and 40 minutes, at pH 10 with 30% (v/v) ethanol. Extract produced from the
optimum condition yielded bioactive content of 421.43 ± 20.92mg GAE equiv./L and
233.34 ± 4.22mg Quercitin equiv./L for total phenolic and flavonoids content
respectively, which are 80% and 62% of the respective bioactive content found in
maceration extracted propolis. Thus, the proposed extraction technique can be a good
propolis extraction alternative with significant reduction in extraction time and
solvent used.!
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Keywords
Characterization And Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrolytic Extraction , Of Selected Malaysian Propolis