Characterization And Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrolytic Extraction Of Selected Malaysian Propolis

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dc.contributor.authorKAI LIANG, YEO
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-20T01:42:48Z
dc.date.available2016-04-20T01:42:48Z
dc.date.issued2015-02
dc.description.abstractPropolis was proven to possess a niche market in the nutraceuticals due to its proven versatilities in pharmacological activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor etc. The extents of pharmacological activities are affected by their geographical origins with the local floras, bees species and season as the key influencing factors. Propolis of various geographical origins was studied extensively, but little is known about Malaysian propolis. Therefore, four sources of Malaysian propolis, i.e. Parit Nibong, Sibu, Serian and 13th Miles, were investigated for their proximate characteristics, bioactive contents, DPPH free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. These characteristics were then benchmarked with the comprehensively studied Brazilian propolis. Malaysian propolis, especially those from Sibu and Parit Nibong possessed quality comparable to Brazilian propolis. Sibu propolis contain the highest bioactive content with 155.41 ± 2.70 mg GAE equiv. / g EEP of total phenolic content and 212.27 ± 35.20 mg equiv. / g EEP of total flavonoids content respectively. The bioactive content of all studied propolis reflected well on their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the presence of chief compounds like polyphenols and their derivatives, flavonoids and carbohydrates. Due to challenges faced by maceration extraction of propolis, which are time consuming and high solvent consumption (24 hours and 70% (v/v) ethanol, an alternative propolis extraction at varied pH is furthered with ultrasonication. Such combination of techniques have never been reported and thus the importance of this study. The parameters studied were solvent concentration, pH and the ultrasonication period. The optimum time of extraction was 1 hour and 40 minutes, at pH 10 with 30% (v/v) ethanol. Extract produced from the optimum condition yielded bioactive content of 421.43 ± 20.92mg GAE equiv./L and 233.34 ± 4.22mg Quercitin equiv./L for total phenolic and flavonoids content respectively, which are 80% and 62% of the respective bioactive content found in maceration extracted propolis. Thus, the proposed extraction technique can be a good propolis extraction alternative with significant reduction in extraction time and solvent used.!en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1931
dc.subjectCharacterization And Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrolytic Extractionen_US
dc.subjectOf Selected Malaysian Propolisen_US
dc.titleCharacterization And Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrolytic Extraction Of Selected Malaysian Propolisen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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