Anti-Candidal Activity And Toxicity Studies Of Alginate-Enclosed Chitosan–Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Fe-Bovine Lactoferrin Nanocapsules
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Date
2018-07
Authors
Khoo, Miew Leng
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Lactoferrin has been known to have antimicrobial properties. This research was
conducted to investigate the anti-candidal activity and toxicity of
Alginate/EUDRAGIT® S 100-enclosed chitosan–calcium phosphate-loaded Fe-bLf
nanocapsules (NCs) by in vitro and in vivo study. The screening of NCs for
antimicrobial activity showed that NCs has good anti-candidal activity. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of NCs using broth microdilution
method was found to be 500 μg/mL. The growth profile study demonstrated that the
NCs at MIC, two times MIC and four times MIC inhibited the growth of Candida
albicans USM-K1 (C. albicans). The electron microscopy studies showed that NCs
caused the destruction of yeast cells by disruption of cell wall and cell membrane
with increase of incubation time until 36 hours. NCs also inhibited germ tube
formation of C. albicans. Evaluation of vital staining of epithelial cell and C.
albicans coculture demonstrated that NCs enhanced the killing of C. albicans by
epithelial cells. In vivo studies showed that NCs caused the reduction of colony
forming unit (CFU) of kidney samples of mice induced with yeast infection from
(21.3 ± 1.3) × 104 to (4120.0 ± 6.4) × 10 (p < 0.05). This shows that NCs have in vivo
anticandidal effect. Histological examination of kidney samples of mice treated with
NCs showed better cell structure and coordination compared to untreated mice. Brine
shrimp lethality assay showed that the LC50 value of NCs was more than 1 mg/mL
which indicated that NCs was not toxic. MTT cytotoxicity assay also revealed that
NCs was not toxic against non-cancerous Vero cell line. Genotoxicity studies by
comet assay on Vero cells and Allium cepa root assay revealed that the NCs was
destitute of significant genotoxic effect under experimental conditions. In conclusion,
NCs has effective anticandidal properties and has the potential as a therapeutic agent
against candidiasis.
Description
Keywords
Lactoferrin has been known to have antimicrobial properties , anti-candidal activity and toxicity of Alginate