Characterization, Properties And Degradation Of Carbonized Jatropha Seed Shell Filled Vinyl Ester Composites
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Date
2015-02
Authors
APRILIA, SRI
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Abstract
Nowadays, the use of biomass waste has been widely used as fillers in biocomposites.
In this study, carbonized jatropha seed shell has been produced in furnace method at
600oC temperature for 1 hour. Thermal and physical analysis of jatropha seed shell
has been done before carbonization. The average distributions of particle analysis in
four-size are 45, 129, 227 and 880μm (pass through sieving: >300, 150-300, 100-150
and 74-100 mesh). Morphology properties of carbonized particle was analyzed by Xray
(EDX), TEM, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The study of particle loading effect
and particle size for carbonized jatropha seed shell filled vinyl ester composites have
been characterized by physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties
and durability of environment. Physical properties of the vinyl ester composites
consist of density, water absorption, and void content. The mechanical properties of
carbonized jatropha seed shell filled vinyl ester composites have been investigated to
determine the effects of carbonized jatropha seed shell loading and particle size. The
mechanical properties showed an enhancement in tensile strength at 10 wt.%
carbonized particle loading of filler material as compared to the neat polymer and
higher loading percentage. Flexural strength decreased with an increase in the
carbonized particle loading percentage, while the tensile modulus and flexural
modulus showed an opposite trend. Thermal degradation analysis showed
enhancement in the residual content of the composite materials, thereby ameliorates
thermal stability. Glass transition and melting temperatures by DSC analysis were
observed to have increased up to 10 wt.% loading of filler but decreases
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subsequently at higher loading percentage. The morphological analysis showed
smooth morphology with intermittent lumps of agglomeration at higher loading
percentage. Accelerated weathering for carbonized jatropha seed shell filled vinyl
ester composites has been investigated to get the durability of composites with the
effect of UV exposure and condensation at exposure time of 96, 240, and 360 hours.
Mechanical properties decrease when increasing the exposure time. One of the
problems for using bio-composite as storage tank/water tank is corrosion, especially
in aggressive environments. For this study, the carbonized jatropha seed shell filled
vinyl ester composite has been done by soaking in environment solution i.e.: NaOH
5%, HCl 5%, and distilled water at room temperature. The durability analysis of
environment solution for vinyl ester composites includes weight gain, change in
mechanical properties, and morphology.
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Keywords
Characterization, Properties And Degradation Of Carbonized Jatropha Seed Shell , Filled Vinyl Ester Composites