Enhanced Technique For Maximizing Wireless Sensor Networks Lifetime Based On Utilizing The Phenomena Of Overlapping Nodes And Data Transmission Mohammed
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Date
2018-09
Authors
Abdel Lateif Al-Shalabi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted the attention of the researchers
in the last few decades due to their involvement in many applications such as monitoring
environment, fire tracking, and health care monitoring. In WSN, sensor nodes
are deployed on the target area to sense the required events. The deployment of nodes
can be formal (in specific locations) or random (in random locations). In the WSN that
uses the random deployment of nodes, one of the common problems, when the sensors
are close to each other, is the overlapping between them. This overlapping causes
sensing approximately the same data by different nodes and also the transmission of
duplicate data to the Cluster Head (CH), which leads to more energy consumption.
Another problem in WSNs is the direct transmission of data from a CH to the Base
Station (BS), which also negatively influences the overall network lifetime. Moreover,
the random selection of the CHs leads to select nodes with low energy to be
CHs which reduces the network lifetime. This thesis intends to solve the overlapping
between nodes and the direct data transmission using different mechanisms. In this
thesis, a mechanism is proposed to prolong the network lifetime by reducing the negative
effect of the overlapping problem and utilizing the overlapping nodes to maximize
the efficiency of the network in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption.
This mechanism considers the distance between nodes in an efficient way in order to
identify the overlapping between them based on the nature of the application with considering
the blind area of the overlapping nodes. Moreover, the alternating sensing process should be applied on the overlapping nodes in an efficient way to maximize
their lifetime. In addition, the critical cases such as the overlapping among more than
two nodes and the dealing with the overlapping nodes when one of them dies are to
be taken into consideration. Other mechanisms are proposed to prolong the network
lifetime by solving the problem of the direct data transmission from the CHs to the
BS, and by solving the randomness in the CHs selection. These mechanisms adapt the
Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique to find the optimal multi-hop
path from a source CH to the BS. A pre-processing technique is implemented to enhance
the GA and to increase the efficiency of it. Furthermore, suitable parameters
are proposed to formulate the fitness function. These processes maximize the network
lifetime by reducing the consumed power in the CHs. The experimental results using
the simulated data show that the proposed technique improves the overall performance
of a network in terms of the network lifetime by increasing the number of rounds by
approximately 2709 rounds in average (with approximately 180.3%) compared to several
related protocols, and in terms of the number of transmitted packets to the BS by
increasing the total number of these packets by approximately 6821 packets in average
(with approximately 77.5%) compared to several related protocols.
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Keywords
Computer Science