Structure Elucidation Of Antitrypanosomal Compounds From Archidendron Clypearia (Jack) I.C Nielsen Ssp. Clypearia Var. Clypearia Leaf Extracts
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Date
2017-08
Authors
Amanah, Azimah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, which
is caused by a protozoan parasite, can cause death if not treated. Trypanosoma brucei
rhodesiense has been used as a model in this study. Currently, the medications used for
treatment of this ailment such as pentamidine, melarsoprol, suramine and eflornithineare
problematic because these compound are toxic, expensive and ineffective when the
disease has reached an advanced stage. Therefore, screening of antitrypanosomal and
cytotoxicity activities were conducted on the plant leaf extracts and the isolated
compounds of Archidendron clypearia (Jack) IC Nielsen ssp. clypearia var. clypearia
(A.clypearia) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and rat skeletal muscle cell (L-6)
by using Alamar Blue assay. The isolation and identification process of active
compounds from the leaves of A. clypearia was carried out using bioassay guided
isolation approach. The methanol extract of this plant has been found to be active against
trypanosome with an IC50 value of 0.44 + 0.46 μg/ml [Selective Index (SI): 129.58].
Liquid-liquid extraction of the methanol extract was carried out and resulted in hexane,
diethyl ether (DE) and ethyl acetate (EtOAC) extracts which showed IC50 values of 2.32
+1.19 μg/ml (SI: 23.11), 0.42 + 0.32 μg/ml (SI: 44.03) and 2.02+0.27μg/ml (SI: 6.84)
respectively. The active diethyl ether extract was subjected to column chromatography
and characterized using analytical and spectroscopy analysis such as HPLC, TLC, NMR,
IR and MS. An active antitrypanosomal compound (AC-AA1) methyl-3,4,5-
trihydroxybenzoate with an IC50 value of 0.38 + 0:35 μg/ml (SI: 142.22) while (ACAA2)
mixture compound 7-O-galloyltricetiflavan [with an IC50 value of 0.53 + 0.40
μg/ml (SI: 34.74)] and a pure compound (AC-AA3) 7-4’-O-di-galloyltricetiflavan [with
an IC50 value of 0.57 + 0.27 μg/ml (SI: 34.82)] respectively showed moderate
antitrypanosomal activity were isolated from A. clypearia.
Description
Keywords
Human African Trypanosomiasis , caused by a protozoan parasite