Penspesiesan logam berat dalam air sisa campuran industri di sistem perparitan tertutup, zon perindustrian Prai 1 dan 2, Pulau Pinang
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Date
2007
Authors
Sabrina, Karim
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Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in samples collected in the aqueous phase and the sediment in the Closed Drainage System (CDS) located in Prai Industrial Zones 1 and 2. The objective of the research was to determine the level of toxicity based on concentrations of the labile and semi labile components of the metal and relate to types of metal species predominant in the samples. This is because the total concentrations of metals could not be used to determine the level of toxicity of a metal in the environment, unlike in species form. The speciation of the heavy metals in the aqueous phase was determined using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) and the labile was ascertained using the chelex- ammonium resin in the successive column and batch procedure. The determination of the heavy metal species in the sediment was done according to 5 levels of extraction. The results of the aqueous phase show that the labile species ASV Cu has the highest distribution in the CDS at S1 which was 91.9%, S2, 92.7%, S4, 88.9%, S5, 88.3% and S6, 84.4%, while the ASV Cd labile species had the second highest distribution in the CDS, S3, with a value of 59.4%. The distribution of moderate labile Cd was high at S2, 27.1%, S5, 45.3% and S6, 49.2%, while the moderate labile Pb was high at S1, 63.5% and S3, 24.7% followed by moderate labile Zn, present at 44% at S4. The weak labile species of Cd had high distribution at S1, 33.9%, S3, 22%, S4, 29%, S5, 33.2% and S6, 34.8% while the weak labile Zn has high distribution of 43.1%. The inert species of Zn has a high distribution at S1, 22.3%, S3, 36.5%, S4, 21%, and S6, 21.8% while at S2 and S5 the inert species of Cd was 35.7% and that of Pb 30.6%. The concentration of labile-chelex species shows the overall condition of the CDS and the Pump House A had high level of Cu, except at S3, which was contaminated with Cd. The results for Pump House A shows that the active labile species of Cu exist at 96.4%, while the moderate labile species and weak labile species of Cu were both at 43.8%. Pb was the highest inert species at Pump House A with a concentration of 25%. The content of the Zn in the sediment was highest in the form of exchangeable fractions at S6 with a value of 187mg/kg. Zn has fractions bound to carbonate and Fe-Mn oxides with the highest at S3 at 359mg/kg and 253mg/kg respectively. Fractions bound to organic mass and the residual fractions extracted from the sediment showed that Pb was the highest at S3 (164mg/kg) and S1 (160mg/kg). The sediment sampled at Pump House A showed that all the metals exist in very high fractions. Pb bound to Fe-Mn oxide was present in 256 mg/kg, and as high as 499 mg/kg Zn was bound in an exchangeable form while Cd bound to organic mass was 97 mg/kg. It can thus be concluded that the CDS is contaminated with toxic levels of heavy metal in both the aqueous and sediment form.
Description
Master
Keywords
Industrial technology , Closed drainage system