Dyes adsorption by dragon fruit peel and pomegranate fruit peel wastesbased microwave-assisted activated carbon
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Date
2018-09-01
Authors
Muhammad Aswar Md. Eusoff
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Abstract
Ionic dyes comprised of basic and reactive dyes pose a great difficulty to be eliminated in wastewater by conventional methods due to their high soluble properties. This study aims to synthesis activated carbon (AC) derived from dragon fruit peel (DFP) and pomegranate peel (PP) to adsorb methylene blue (MB) and remazol brilliant blue R dyes (RBBR) from aqueous solution. These ACs were produced via physiochemical activation method which involves potassium hydroxide (KOH) chemical treatment, carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification and heated with microwave. Effects of preparation conditions of microwave radiation power, radiation time and impregnation ratio (IR) on dyes removal and ACs yield were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area and total pore volume were found on prepared DFPAC (725.80m2/g and 0.388cm3/g) and PPAC (845.96m2/g and 0.442cm3/g).Optimum preparation conditions for ACs prepared were determined for MB-DFPAC (375W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 83.12% of MB removal and 30.50% of yield, RBBR-DFPAC (350W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 77.85% of RBBR removal and 30.1% of yield. Optimum preparation conditions for MB-PPAC (370W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 83.40% of MB removal and 30.80% of yield and RBBR-PPAC (350W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 78.51% of RBBR removal and 30.60% of yield. Adsorption of MB and RBBR on ACs followed Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacities were 232.56mg/g, 230.48mg/g, 250.00mg/g and 238.09mg/g for MB-DFPAC, RBBR-PPAC, MB-PPAC and RBBR-PPAC, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption of dyes onto DFPAC and PPAC followed pseudo-second order kinetic model while thermodynamic studies confirmed that all systems were exothermic in nature.