Taburan dan biologi spesies tumbuhan akuatik endemik daripada genus cryptocoryne dl Semenanjung Malaysia
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Date
1998-05
Authors
Cheng Hua, Sim
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Abstract
From the ecological survey conducted throughout Peninsular Malaysia, ten ยท
species of Cryptocoryne were recorded from 25 sites. The ten species were C. affinis,
C. cordata, C. griffithii, C. minima, C. elliptica, C. nurii, C. schu/zei, C. purpurea, C.
Ciliata and C. /ongicauda. Out of the these species, only six species were easily
harvested and studied intensively, particularly on the ecological, morphological,
physiological, culture and growth aspects. The distribution of Cryptocoryne species is
generally restricted to one locality, except for C. affinis which is widely distributed in
small rivers on the eastern part of the Main Range.
The results showed that C. minima and C. e/liptica grew well under white, red
and blue lights, however, the growth was inhibited under green light. All the
Cryptocoryne species thrived well under photoperiod 16 L, therefore these species
survived under shaded conditions in their natural habitats and occasionally grew well
under the canopy of big trees. Comparatively, Cryptocoryne was recorded to grow well
in Hoagland nutrient solution rather than Knop nutrient solution, However, the growth
was considerably inhibited by the nutrient solution deficient in N, P, K, Ca and Fe.
Addition of 0.01 g/1 Giberellic acid hormone to nutrient solutions accelerated the growth
rate.
Evidently, Cryptocoryne was able to utilise bicarbonate ion (HC03-) from
bicarbonate water (KHC03) which acted as a carbon source during the process of
photosynthesis. Apparently, the water levels could affect the growth rate and C.
elliptica was recorded to achieve higher growth rate in semi submerged condition,
whereas C. minima dan C. schulzei grew well in submerged condition. In addition,
substrates also played a major role in enhancing the growth of these species.
Cryptocoryne minima grew well in peat soil from natural habitat. The seed germination
rate for C. minima was recorded to achieve 1 00 % in peat soil. Cryptocoryne e/liptica
was noted to produce adventitious plantlet at the base of the petiole. Only the life cycle
of C. minima which took about 360 days was established, however, life-cycle for the
rest of the species studied were relatively difficult to obtain. One of the most important
reasons is that the seeds from most of these endemic species are difficult to obtain
either naturally or from the cultured species in the laboratory.
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Keywords
Biologi spesies tumbuhan , Akuatik endemik , Semenanjung Malaysia , Genus cryptocoryne