Metabolomics-Enhanced Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) For The Quality Standardisation Of Clinacanthus Nutans
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Date
2017-08
Authors
Baharom, Nabilah Hanim
Journal Title
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans, a widely used medicinal plant, is extensively grown in tropical Asia and Southest Asian countries. C. nutans with its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities has been traditionally used to treat cancer, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, insect bites and skin problems. In order to improve the accuracy and consistency of control phytomedicine preparations worldwide, standardisation is necessary. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in particular is a fast and accurate method widely applied in diagnostics, functional genomics and screening purposes. Following plant extraction and derivatisation, hundreds of metabolites from different chemical groups can be characterized in one analytical run. In this study, GC-MS based metabolomics approach has been applied to standardise the extracts of C. nutans leaves from eight different locations. Lupeol, betulin, stigmasterol and squalene were used as biomarkers to discriminate the group among the samples. Multivariate analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models were applied to obtain an overview and discriminate the distribution of samples from different locations. Results from biplot showed that squalene, stigmasterol and betulin present in the samples from Kangar, Alor Setar and Manjung while lupeol presents in the samples from Sungai Ara and Kepala Batas. Squalene was detected in sample from Taman Herba IPPT. The findings suggested that lupeol, stigmasterol, betulin and squalene could be added as markers to the GC-MS analysis of C. nutans in maintaining its quality control. In conclusion, the
combination of multivariate statistical analysis with GC-MS data–mining proved to be a powerful tool for metabolomics in the discrimination and quality control of C. nutans.
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Keywords
Clinacanthus nutans , used to treat cancer