PENGEKSTRAKAN, PENCIRIAN DAN MEKANISME TINDAKAN SEBATIAN AKTIF DARIPADA Alpinia galanga (Willd.) Zingiberaceae SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTIMIKROB

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Date
2003-07
Authors
MOHD. HUSSAIN, ROSITA
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Bioactivity screening was done on nine species of Zingiberaceae plants using human pathogens such as bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. Out of these nine species, Alpinia galanga was found to be most effective inhibiting growth of pathogens through the disk diffusion method. A. galanga was chosen for extraction optimisation and further studies. The extract was found to be most effective inhibiting growth of pathogens when extracted with organic solvents. Optimisation results showed extraction using the soxhlet apparatus with chloroform at boiling temperature yields an extract which has maximum activity towards test microorganisms. The extract obtained was a clear golden yellow oiL It was found to be effective against gram positive bacteria, yeasts and derrnatophytes at a concentration of as low as 25 mg/ml using the disk diffusion method. Toxicity tests done on the brine shrimp Artemia salina gave an LCso of 0.062 ± 0.013 mg/m!. The extract was also stable at temperatures of 90°C and below. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies showed the presence of monoterpenoids such as geraniol, l' -acetoxychavicol acetate, l' -acetoxy eugenol acetate and farnesol as the main components. The monoterpenes in the extract were very effective inhibiting the growth of three patogens which were S. aureus, C. albicans and Ivi canis. The extract was insoluble in water, therefore the extract was dissolved in ethylene glycol for experiments using aqueous medium. The broth dilution method was used to find the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and minimum microcidal concentrations (MMC). The MIC and MMC values respectively were 0.030 dan 0.060 mg/ml for C. a/bieans, 0.370 dan 0.700 mg/ml for M canis, dan 0.550 dan 1.000 mg/ml for S. aureus. Extract was microcidal because the MBC values were only two times more than the MIC values of each type of microorganism tested. Its action was most effective towards C. albieans followed by M canis and lastly S. aureus. In the growth profile studies on samples taken from shaken cultures, the extract was very effective inhibiting growth of microorganisms at the exponential stage. The TEM and SEM studies done on M canis confirmed this, showing a-greater effect when extract was added during the exponential growth phase than the lag phase. A high toxicity reading indicated the extract may be more suitable for external use. Therefore it has the potential to be developed as a topical medication for treatment of microbial skin infections.
Description
Keywords
PENGEKSTRAKAN , PENCIRIAN
Citation