PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE: EFFECT OF PRETREATMENTS AND ACETYLATION CONDITIONS ON RECYCLED PAPER DUST
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Date
2010-09
Authors
LOO, MILLY MEl LI
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Abstract
In this study, cellulose acetate was produced from recycled paper dust of carton box (CPD)
and tissue paper (TPD) with the aim to extract value from the waste stream and also to
maximize and diversify the utilization of recycled cellulose. The quality of the resultant
cellulose acetate was compared to the cellulose acetate produced from the commercial
dissolving pulp. In order to approach acetylation pulp properties, acid and oxygen-alkaline
pretreatment have been carried out on the carton box paper dust. Both the acid pretreatment
(which carried out by treating the paper dust in pH 2 sulfuric acid solution for I hour at 80°C)
and the oxygen-alkaline pretreatment (which treated the dust in sodium hydroxide solution
under oxygen gas pressure (70psi) at 100°C for 30 minutes), have improved the chemical
properties of the paper dust significantly in comparison to CPD. All the cellulose acetates
produced were then characterized by determining the degree of substitution (DS), Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The DS of cellulose acetate synthesized from dissolving pulp (DP CA), corrugated paper dust
(CPD CA) and tissue paper dust (TPD CA) were 2.15, 1.94 and 2.03 respectively. The
chemical properties of both pretreated pulps show a better approach to acetylation grade pulp;
thus, there is an increment in DS, the degree of crystallinity and the maximum degradation
temperature when compared to CPD CA. However, all the cellulose acetates produced showed
a lower DS and thermal stability than commercial cellulose acetate (C CA), hence
modifications of acetylation procedure have been done with the intention to improve the
properties of cellulose acetate. The modification method with 50°C pretreatment, which
treated the raw material under 50°C during activation stage has shown a positive effect on DP
but not statistically different for both pretreated pulps. On the other hand, the modification
method by changing the ratio of acetic acid and water to 19: 1 during hydrolysis stage has
improved the DS for cellulose acetate synthesized from DP and pretreated pulps. Nevertheless,
the results of TG showed that the maximum degradation temperature of the resultant cellulose
acetate from DP and acid pretreated pulp (ACPD) has decreased, whereas that of cellulose
acetate synthesized from oxygen-alkaline pretreated pulp (OCPD) has increased. Among all
the cellulose acetates produced, only the film prepared from the cellulose acetate synthesized
under modification method by changing the ratio of acetic acid-water showed no pores when
observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of crystallinity of all the
cellulose acetate has decreased in comparison to the original material as the crystallite region
is broken after acetylation reaction.
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Keywords
PRETREATMENTS , CONDITIONS