Occurrence And Characterization Of Fusarium Spp. Isolated From Mangrove Soils
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Date
2016-09
Authors
Mohamed Zubi, Wafa S.
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Abstract
The genus Fusarium is among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi, widely spread in nature. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and characterize Fusarium isolates from mangrove soils which are well known for its flora and fauna, but poorly known as substrate of Fusarium species. One hundred thirty six (136) isolates of Fusarium were isolated from mangrove soil samples collected from several mangroves areas in Penang and Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The present study morphologically identified 11 Fusarium species namely F. solani (n = 77), F. verticillioides (n = 12), F. semitectum (n = 16), F. proliferatum (n = 15), F. oxysporum (n = 3), F. chlamydosporum (n = 1), F. camptoceras (n = 2), F. longipes (n = 3), F. merismoides (n = 1), F. lateritium (n = 4), and F. decemcellulare (n = 2). The identification of morphologically identified Fusarium species was re-identified using TEF-1α gene and 11 species of Fusarium species were also molecularly identified as F. solani (n = 77), F. verticillioides (n = 20), F. incarnatum (syn. F. semitectum) (n = 17), F. proliferatum (n = 7), F. oxysporum (n = 3), F. chlamydosporum (n = 1), F. camptoceras (n = 1), F. longipes (n = 3), F. merismoides (n = 1), F. lateritium (n = 4) and F. rigidiuscula (syn. F. decemcellulare) (n = 2). Phylogenetic analysis of individual and combined sequences of TEF-1α and ITS confirmed the identity of F. solani of which undescribed clades were revealed which suggested new phylogenetic clade or species. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS confirmed the identity of F. longipes, F. merismoides and F.
chlamydosporum. The identity of F. verticillioides, F. incarnatum, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. camptoceras, F. lateritium and F. rigidiuscula were confirmed using TEF-1α and phylogenetic analysis of individual and combined sequences of TEF-1α, and β-tubulin. Mating study was conducted on Fusarium species belonging to F. fujikuroi species complex and the results showed all F. proliferatum isolates carried MAT-1 allele, whereas all F. verticillioides carried MAT-2 allele. Isolates of F. proliferatum successfully crossed fertile with tester strain of mating population D and isolates of F. verticillioides with tester strain of mating population A which confirmed the identification of both species. Mycotoxin analysis was done on 11 isolates of F. verticillioides and six isolates of F. proliferatum as both species are well-known mycotoxin producers. Isolates of both species produced fumonisin B1 (FUMB1) and moniliformin (MON)of which F. verticillioides produced 5.77 -172.4 μg/g FUMB1, F. proliferatum produced 1.17-74.6 μg/g FUMB1, F. verticillioides produced 2.45 -14.0 μg/g MON and F. proliferatum 4.7-67.0 μg/g MON. None of the isolates produced beauvericin. Based on soil analysis, carbon content, pH, soil moisture and salinity varied between locations, but nitrogen content was not significant between the locations. The present study showed that Fusarium species can tolerate the extreme environment of mangrove ecosystem.
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The occurrence and characterize Fusarium isolates from mangrove soils , which are well known for its flora and fauna,