Beberapa aspek men genai biologj pembiakan tuna, thunnus albacares (bonnaterre)

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Date
1995
Authors
Sok Kean, Khoo
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Abstract
The reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre) , caught from the eastern par"c of the Indian Ocean at the latitude of 0 - 10° N and longtitude of 80 - 95° E were studied. Gonads of this fish weLe taken from Taiwanese tuna lortgline vessels at the Penang Harbour from October 1992 to September 1993. Histological and histochemical examinations were used to determine the sexual development of both male and female gonads. The testis of yellowfin tuna is of the restricted spermatogonial testis-type. This is not typital of most teleosts as its spermatogonia were restricted to the 1 distal terminus of the tubules immediately beneath the tunica albuginea. Oogonia and oocytes in the pre-vitellogenesis stage showed similar features as those of other teleostean fishes. However, the vitellogenesis phase was significantly different from that of other fishes as the yolk vesicles stage did not occur and therefore cortical alveoli was absent in the oocytes. Vitellogenesis (~f the yellowfin tuna was characterized first by the appearance of lipoid yolks, which 'occupied the cytoplasmatic region around the nucleus. Subsequent to this, yolk granules began to appear in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm. Eventually, lipoid yolks grew bigger and fused to become oil dropl~ts in the middle of the oocyte, while yolk granules went through the same growing and fusing process to become yolk platelets which were ~pushed' to the periphery of cytoplasm by the oil droplets. Studies on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of yellowfin tuna indicated that they are annual spawner and that their peak spawning season extended from February to April each year. The peak season was complemented·by the results from the measurements of mean diameter of oocytes. These studies also showed that yellowfin tuna is a multiple spawr.ar which spawns at least twice during the spawning season. Similar values of GSI do not necessarily mean that the gonads are at the same stage of sexual development. In this study, the mean GSI were almost the same for the months of November and June for the male fish, and November with May for the females; Detailed histological observation showed that these fish were at different phases of reproductive cycle though. I?uring the month of November, the fish was in the middle of the pre-spawning period while in the months of May and June, they were at the post-spawning period. For the male fish, the post-spawning period could be distinguished from the pre-spawning period by the presence of empty lumens in the testis where spermatozoa did not exist or only present in a very small number, while for the females, the presence of post-ovulatory follicles was a very good indicator of the post-spawning period. The reproductive cycle of yellowfin tuna appeared to be influenced by the North and South Equatorial Currents which created the Intertropical convergence Zone during the months of January and February in the area of study . . The re~filting upwelling may induced the fish to spawn during this period. The Indian Monsoon season which brought heavy rain from the months of June to September may also played an important role in the seasonal reproductive cycle of the yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean.
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Biologj pembiakan tuna , Thunnus albacares (bonnaterre)
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