Physicochemical profiling and detection of phenolic constituents with antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Myristica fragrans Houtt.
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Date
2009
Authors
Abdullah, Mardiaty Iryani
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate physical (color) and chemical (proximate and
mineral analysis) characteristics as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity
of extracts from leaves, pericarps, maces, seeds, seed kernels and shells of Myristica
fragrans Houtt. The color analysis revealed that the mace has the highest a* and C
value (28.14 ± 0.49 and 29.92 ± 0.58, respectively) and the least hue angle (ho)
(19.87 ± 0.35o), skin of pericarp was detected to have the highest b* value (28.59 ±
0.78) and seed kernel exhibited the highest L* parameter (72.85 ± 0.16). Moisture
content was at the highest for all samples except for shell. Meanwhile, all samples
were low in ash content except for leaf and seed kernel, whereby their protein
contents were lower than ash. Analysis for the major elements (Ca, Na, K and Mg)
and for the minor and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) showed the highest
concentration of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in the pericarp while manganese
(Mn) is the predominant microelement detected. These extracts exhibited a wide
range of total phenolic content varying from 649.00 ± 2.16mg GAE/g dry extract to
8.66 ± 0.71mg GAE/g dry extract. The antioxidant activity varied from 84.53 ±
0.89% to 12.57 ± 0.98%. Significant and positive linear correlation were recorded
for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (r2 = 0.7039, p < 0.0001),
indicating that phenolics were the major antioxidant constituents in the extracts. A
total of eight fractions were collected from 70% acetone crude extract of the leaf and
af4 exhibited the greatest value in antioxidant assay (EC50 value = 24.91 ±
0.29μg/mL) and the highest in total phenolic content (526.68 ± 0.82mg GAE/g dry
extract). Sub - fraction af4i showed the greatest value in antioxidant activity (EC50
value = 23.08 ± 0.61μg/mL) and sub - fraction af4iii was the highest of total phenolic
content (579.05 ± 0.46mg GAE/g dry extract). From eight column chromatographic
fractions of the aglycone of 70% acetone extract of the pericarp, cf2 showed the
greatest values in both total phenolic content (358.85 ± 1.32mg GAE/g dry extract)
and antioxidant assay (EC50 value = 38.91 ± 1.81μg/mL). The antibacterial activity
of all the extracts was more pronounced against Gram - positive bacteria than Gram -
negative bacteria. The inhibition zone diameters of extracts were ranging from
16.00 ± 0.00mm to 9.00 ± 0.00mm. MFa10 that was purified from 70% acetone
extract of the seed was the most potent component with MIC value of 37.50μg/mL
and MBC value of 150.00μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600. Four
phenolic substances, which were quercetin, quercetin - 3 - O - glucoside, scandinone
and an unidentified lignan compound were purified and characterized as the main
constituents with free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities.
Description
Master
Keywords
Chemical science , Physicochemical , Phenolic constituents , Myristica fragrans Houtt.