Isu psikososial dan cabaran program pertukaran jarum dan picagari (nsep)
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Date
2011
Authors
Sarnon @ Kusenin, Norulhuda
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Abstract
This research, that is exploratory and qualitative in its nature, is conducted with the objective
to improve the NSEP, as one of harm reduction interventions. In this research, the
psychosocial aspects of IDUs and their views to improve the service interventions are
carefully taken into account. Objectives in this study are: (I) to identify psychosocial
characteristics of IDUs involving with NSEP, (2) to identify challenges that refrain IDUs
from quitting high risk behaviors, (3) to seek views from IDUs on the NSEP program, (4) to
get IDUs' suggestions for NSEP services, and (5) to seek the roles of social workers in
improving the NSEP. The study was conducted at IKHLAS, a drop-in-center for IDUs in
Kuala Lumpur where a total of 13 respondents were interviewed. An in-depth semistructured
interview was used for data collection and such data was analyzed using thematic
method. The results showed that there were five psychosocial characteristics of IDUs. Those
characteristics are: (1) IDUs had good knowledge on HIV I AIDS, (2) IDUs showed changes
in their injecting behavior (3) sexually they were less active and those who were engaged in
sexual intercourse were reluctant to use condoms, (4) many became dependent on NSEP and
(5) most of them demonstrated emotional and financial problems. The study also showed that
there were several challenges faced by the respondents in order to continue maintaining their
safe injecting behavior. Those challenges are, having to face the withdrawal syndrome,
problems in carrying the injecting equipments, social influences from IDUs, IDUs attitudes
and reluctances toward the usage of condoms during sexual intercourse. In general, those
who were interviewed were very positive towards NSEP. NSEP is seen a social agent
towards promoting and using clean needles for IDUs and also as a new method in reducing
the number of HIV infections in Malaysia. There are several recommendations suggested by
the IDUs to improve the program; (1) the respondents felt that NSEP should be a seen as a
form of self-development program for IDUs, (2) there is a need for strong social support
from the stakeholders and better social networking, (3) there is a need to reach for more
IDUs, (4) the need to improve disposable system (5) the need to supervise the IDUs behavior
and to create injecting room service. Finally, implications for social work practice, social
policy, social work education and future research were also discussed in this study.
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Keywords
Pertukaran jarum , Picagari (NSEP) , Psikososial