Production Of Prodigiosin By Serratia Marcescens Ibrl Usm84 For Lipstick Formulation
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Date
2018-09
Authors
Teh Faridah Nazari
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Microorganisms provide plenty of natural pigments as a safe alternative to the synthetic dyes in many industrial applications including cosmetics, food, textile, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industries. This research was aimed to study the natural red pigment prodigiosin with antimicrobial activity of a marine bacterium. The finding of natural colorant with antimicrobial activity can give benefits to many industries and acts as a natural coloring agent with preservative value simultaneously to the industrial products. In this study, Serratia marcescens IBRL USM84 was isolated from a local marine sponge Xetospongia testudinaria from Pulau Bidong, Terengganu. The analysis of antimicrobial activity from intracellular and extracellular pigments was performed and found that the antimicrobial activity from intracellular pigment was greater. The analysis of pigment production revealed that intracellularly and extracellularly extracted pigments were able to produce different color intensity at different quantity, where the pigment from intracellular yielded 7.02 g/L compared to extracellular pigment that was 0.25 g/L only. From the enhancement process, S. marcescens IBRL USM84 produced higher prodigiosin pigment and better antibacterial activity after 48 hours of cultivation period with medium initial pH at 7, incubated at 25oC and with 150 rpm of agitation speed, the addition with 0.2 % of agar and 1% of maltose under light condition. The dichloromethane extract from intracellular pigment produced by S. marcescens IBRL USM84 showed higher pigmentation strength with greater antimicrobial activity compared to other extracts.This extract was able to inhibit broader range of test bacteria with the same MIC value towards all the tested bacteria which was 250 μg/mL. Based on the time kill assay the antibacterial activity of prodigiosin extract from S. marcescens IBRL USM84 was concentration dependent. The results obtained from UV/vis spectrophotometer, presumptive test and chromatographic analysis indicated that the pigment produced by S. marcescens IBRL USM84 is of prodiginine group. The pigment was purplish red and showed a maximum absorption at 535 nm. The results of purification analysis revealed that the purified prodigiosin pigment exhibited lower antibacterial activity compared to the dichloromethane extract and this could be due to the synergism effect between compounds present in the extract. The active fraction (Fraction 4) obtained from column chromatography had higher MIC value which was 1000 μg/mL against S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, MRSA and A. anitratus. The prodigiosin extract was not toxic towards Artemia salina for both acute and chronic toxicities. The production of prodigiosin pigment as a colouring agent in lipstick formulation was evaluated. The antibacterial activity of lipstick dyed with natural prodigiosin showed more than 99.0% of bacterial reduction when the lipstick being treated with S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, MRSA and A. anitratus. The consumer acceptance was investigated using the Ranking Test (Likert Scale) and found that the natural red lipstick was more preferred in comparison to synthetic colorant in cosmetic product based on its colour preferences. As conclusion, due to the possible toxicity of the synthetic dyes, an increasing attention has been directed to natural color resources as a potential colorant and natural preservative agent.
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Keywords
Industrial cosmetic