Cytotoxicity Study Of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Treated With Physalis Minima L. Extract
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Date
2019-07
Authors
Jaafar, Nurul Izzati
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Abstract
Physalis minima L. is believed for having a wide range of biological activities
such as anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. In this study, the effect different
solvents of several degree of polarities; hexane (P-Hex), dichloromethane (P-DCM),
chloroform (CHCl3), n-butanol (P-nBuOH), aqueous (P-Aq) and crude methanolic (CMeOH)
on the anti-cancer activity of MCF-7 cells were studied. P-DCM extract
exhibited as a potent anti-cancer agent with inhibition of 50% at 24 μg/ml on MCF-7
cells and non-toxic towards MCF-10A normal cells. Analysis of cell death mechanism
revealed that the extract induced apoptotic programmed cell death in MCF-7 cells with
typical chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation, which are the
biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Different stage of apoptotic programmed cell death
together with phosphatidylserine externalization were established using annexin V and
propidium iodide staining. Besides that, acute exposure of the extract on MCF-7 cells
produced a significant up-regulation of p53 and Caspase 8 expression, suggested that
extrinsic pathway was involved. Besides that, P-DCM extract was examined for the
antioxidant properties. The total phenolic that contained in the extract was recorded as
75390 μg Gallic acid equivalents/g while the flavanoids was 2480 μg of Quercetin
equivalents/g. Moreover, the extract showed as strong scavenger with IC50 value of
2.2 μg/mL in DPPH and 8.64 μg/mL in ABTS. A strong positive correlation existed
in respects to the phenolic content with the antioxidant activities of P-DCM extract.
Compound analysis by GC-MS discovered some possible compounds in P-DCM
extract named; 2-Propenoic acid, Phytol isomer, 4-Undecene, 9-methyl-, (Z)-, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Cyclododecane,
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, n-Hexadecanoic
acid, Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, Phthalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester and
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- whereas in LC-TOF-MS
analysis, there were seven compounds detected which were (24E)-15alpha-Acetoxy-
3alpha-hydroxy-23-oxo-7,9(11),24-lanostatrien-26-oic acid, 2,6-Dichloro-paraphenylenediamine,
Sodium thiosalicylate, I-Urobilin, Cerberin, Linoleoyl
ethanolamide and 5S-HETE-d8. Due to apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells and
antioxidant properties, it is strongly proposed that the extract as one of alternative form
to cure breast cancer.
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Keywords
Physalis minima