Kajian mengenai profil kontraseptif sediaan herba tradisional orang asli kaum temuan
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Date
2004
Authors
Sulaiman, Siti Amrah
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Abstract
Research and development to seck for new contraceptives are necessary to fullfill
the requirement of the population at large. Studies to authenticate and evaluate three herbal
contraceptives belonging to Orang Asli Temier Group were performed. The herbs were
Lepidagathis longifolia (PI), Palaquiwn sp. (P2) dan Phyllagathis rotundifo/ia (P3).
Traditionally, a combination decoction of the three plant species was consumed monthly
for three to five consecutive days before the commencement of each anticipated menstrual
period or the individual plant species could be consumed daily. The water-based extract of
the combined herbal formulation (EP 123) and the individual plants (EP 1, EP2 and EP3)
were given to pregnant, pseudo-pregnant and non-pregnant rats. The comQined herbal
extract (EP123) caused reduction in maternal body weight, fetal resorption, fetal death,
prolongation of duration of pregnancy and failure of delivery. No teratogenic effects were
observed. EP 123 significantly reduced plasma estradiol concentration and inhibited
decidual formation in pseudo-pregnant rats. EP1, EP2 and EP3 did show a similar effect,
however they were less potent compared to EP 123. The herbal extracts caused anovulatory
and prolongation of estrus cycle. EP 123 reduced the estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH
concentrations. EPl and EP2 reduced the estradiol while maintaining progesterone
concentrations. EP3 reduced estradiol concentration but increased the progesterone
concentration. The ratios of estradiol : progesterone concentration were reversed,
mimicking a pseudo-pregnancy state. Histological examination of the uterus revealed the
presence of copora lutea and atretic ova. The ratios of uterine endometrial : muscular
thickness were increased and peaked in animals that received EP3. The cell density and
mean cell area of the folliculotroph were reduced in herbal treated anill)als. The
anovulatory cycle was a reversible phenomena upon cessation of treatment, however ·the
recovery was slow. Administration of eCG followed by hCG stimulated ovulation in all
EP 123 treated animals. These findings supported Lhe use of the three herbs as contraceptive
and the possible mode of action was through .the mimicking of a pseudo-pregnancy state in
non-pregnant rats. Current findings suggested that P3 was the best candidate for
contraceptive development. P3 has a strong antiestrogenic and progestrogenic effects.
EP 123 was a potent anti estrogenic and a weak progestrogenic agent. The administration of
EP 123 before each mensus can reveal its abortifacient properties.
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Keywords
Herba tradisional , Kontraseptif