Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Macrophytes In Relation To Water Quality Parameters In Chenderoh Reservoir, Perak
| dc.contributor.author | Ismail, Siti Norasikin | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-06-02T06:32:06Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-06-02T06:32:06Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-03 | |
| dc.description.abstract | A study on the spatial and temporal variations of environmental factors and the distribution of macrophytes at Chenderoh Reservoir was carried out from June 2015 until May 2016. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity and distribution pattern of macrophyte species based on spatial and temporal factors in relation to water quality parameters and reservoirs morphometry. The field sampling was conducted at 18 sampling points covering the embayments and main river channel of the reservoir with an interval of 1 km. Surveys on the macrophyte species distribution and cover percentage were conducted based on line transect and quadrat methods. Several parameters of water quality from three different depths (surface, Secchi depth and bottom) were measured in-situ and water samples were collected for further analysis. In the laboratory, the analysis of total suspended solids (TSS), chlorophyll a (Chl a), orthophosphate (PO4), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3) were carried out. Bathymetric survey was conducted in February 2016 and April 2017 using echo sounding method. In this study, macrophyte species was distributed according to the slope of the reservoir. A total of 34 macrophyte species from four different types; emergent, floating-leaved, submerged and free-floating were recorded. Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia adnata were recorded at all sampling points and SP5 resulted in the highest species number with 29 species. Temporal variations affecting water level fluctuation in the reservoir showed that the macrophytes total frequency was significantly different between sampling points and sampling months. The morphometric characteristic, particularly water depth resulted in the zoning of macrophytes according to their types, which is determined by the availability of light and hydrological attributes based on cluster analysis conducted. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.05) spatially and temporally between water quality parameters and macrophytes distribution. Parameters that structured the macrophytes community at Chenderoh Reservoir were water transparency (Secchi depth; SD) (59.49 ± 0.55 cm to 186.94 ± 0.64 cm), temperature (28.46 ± 0.06 °C to 30.27 ± 0.07 °C), dissolved oxygen (3.29 ± 0.13 mg/L to 4.74 ± 0.14 mg/L), PO4 (0.025 ± 0.001 mg/L to 0.029 ± 0.001 mg/L), NO2 (0.006 ± 0.002 mg/L to 0.038 ± 0.007 mg/L), NO3 (0.025 ± 0.001 mg/L to 0.089 ± 0.009 mg/L), NH3 (0.498 ± 0.087 mg/L to 1.393 ± 0.073 mg/L) and Chl a (0.004 ± 0.000 mg/L to 0.014 ± 0.001 mg/L). Whereas, the existing trophic state based on Chl a concentration (TSIChl) showed the sampling points located at lotic ecosystem were in early mesotrophic status (39.29 ± 0.97) and the sampling points at lentic ecosystem showed moderate to high mesotrophic status (44.50 ± 1.07). This study indicated that the macrophytes distribution at all sampling points in Chenderoh Reservoir was determined by morphometric characteristics and water quality parameters which were influenced by seasonality and water level fluctuations of the dam operation. The regulation of water quality attributes by macrophytes communities reduced the probability towards eutrophication in the reservoir and could act as a natural filter and bioaccumulator. These results help in a better understanding of the dynamic of macrophytes diversity and distribution along with spatial and temporal scales in a shallow tropical reservoir (<100 m depth). | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15362 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia | en_US |
| dc.subject | Natural history | en_US |
| dc.title | Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Macrophytes In Relation To Water Quality Parameters In Chenderoh Reservoir, Perak | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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