The Nutritional Value Of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Based Diet For African Catfish (Ciarias Gariepinus)
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Date
2007-02
Authors
Sutriana, Amalia
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Abstract
Four studies to evaluate nutritional value of cassava leaf meal (CLM) and
cassava root meal (CRM) (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in order to develop a suitable
cost effective diet for African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) was conducted. All
experimental diets were prepared with a 1 : 1 animal and plant protein ratio. The first
experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of graded levels CLM at the
expenses of soybean meal (SBM) on African catfish fry (1.45 ±. 0.14) performance.
Four practical diets (30 % crude protein) were formulated to contain CLM at 0 %, 10 %,
20 % and 30 % levels. After 12 weeks, fish fed increasing levels of CLM showed
growth depression, poor feed utilization, apparent protein digestibility (APD) as well as
imbalance indispensable amino acid (IDAA) compared to the control diet.
The second experiment was conducted to determine the effect of graded
levels of CLM with and without DL-methionine supplementation on performance of
small African catfish fingerlings (2.84 ±. 0.08) for 8 weeks. One group was fed on a
control diet with fish meal (FM) and SBM as the protein source (40% CP). Groups 2, 3
and 4 were fed graded levels of CLM to replace 10 %, 20 %, 30 % of the total diet at
the expenses of SBM. Groups 5, 6, 7 were fed on CLM with levels similar to the groups
2, 3, 4 respectively, but supplemented with crystalline DL-methionine to match the
methionine concentrations in the control diet. Thiocyanate concentration was
determined in liver, gill and muscle and the liver histology determination were also
carried out. The control diet produced the best growth performance, feed utilization,
APD and IDAA composition. Only 10 % CLM diet compared favorably in terms of food
conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values with control diet.
Dietary inclusion of graded levels CLM resulted in increasing levels of thiocyanate in
fish tissues and was more pronounced in the liver. Histology studies revealed
alterations in African catfish liver tissue fed on CLM diet characterized by periportal
vacuolation.
The use of combination of CLM and CRM as a protein and energy source
respectively for African catfish fry was carried out in Experiment 3. Ten diets were
formulated to contain 3 different levels of CLM and combine with 3 levels of CRM. Diet
1 was contained no CLM and CRM and considered as a control diet. Diets 2, 3, 4
contain 10% CLM in combination with 10 %, 20 %, 30% CRM respectively. Diets 6, 7,
8 contain 20% CLM in combination with 10 %, 20 %, 30% CRM respectively. Diets 8,
9, 10 contain 30 % CLM in combination with 10 %, 20 %, 30 % CRM respectively. The
result showed that increasing the amounts of CLM and CRM in the diet resulted in
significantly lower (P<0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency compared to control diet.
Increasing levels of CRM at each level of CLM resulted in decrease growth
performance numerically. Generally, at levels of 10 % CLM, inclusion of CRM resulted
in higher value for growth and feed efficiency compared to 20 % and 30 % CLM
inclusion
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Keywords
Biological Science , Diet For African Catfish