Wanita dalam novel-novel terpilih Pramoedya Ananta Toer : satu kajian subaltern
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Date
2014
Authors
Ramli, Abdul Jalil
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Abstract
Women portrayals are evident in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novels. The existence of these women are often showcased in two conditions, namely in the patriarchal and colonial societies. Among the issues highlighted is the argument about the status of women in these two communities. Are they isolated or are they in a prime position? If women are marginalized, how do they react to this situation? What are the actions taken by both societies when these women defy them? Based on these problems, this study aims to answer four related objectives: to identify subaltern women, to analyze the subaltern women's reactions against men’s and colonial’s domination towards them, to examine the reactions of the men and the colonial towards subaltern women's resistance and to study Pramoedya Ananta Toer herself as the representative of subaltern women. This concept was later expended by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak was used to achieve these objectives. Text analysis was used to examine the titles by Pramoedya Ananta Toer which includes Bumi Manusia, Anak Semua Bangsa, Jejak Langkah and Rumah Kaca. These titles were compiled in tetralogi Buru. Thus, this study had acknowledged the characters portrayed in these novels were indeed of subaltern women similar to Spivak’s findings who have been deprived from their rights. These women tried to withstand those who had marginalized them through several ways but their resistance was ignored. Their voices were muted by the authorities; consist of men and the colonists