Pengumpulan Karotin Dan Tokoferol Oleh Ikan Keli Afrika (Clarias Gariepinus) Dari Produk Sampingan Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit
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Date
1997-10
Authors
Wan Yaakob, Wan Abdul Aziz
Journal Title
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Abstract
The ability of the African catfish (C/arias gariepinus) to accumulate
p-carotene and a-tocopherol from formulated catfish feed that contained
palm oil mill by-products n~mely, Spent Sleaching Earth (SSE) and Palm Fatty
Acid Distillate (PFAD) into their muscle was studied. Four types of feed were
formulated, namely AF (contained PFAD and fish meal), SF (contained SSE
and fish meal), ASF (contained PFAD, SSE and fish meal) and CF (contained
cod liver oil and fish meal). All feed were formulated to achieve 13% lipid and
30% protein levels. The final weights of individual catfish fed with AF, SF,
ASF and CF feed were 180.44 ± 2.64, 174.84 ± 3.04, 193.49 ± 2.49 and
173.90 ± 2.39 g, whereas the final total lengths of individual catfish were
29.77 ± 0.15,29.66 ± 0.17,30.45 ± 0.13 and 29.67 ± 0.13 cm, respectively.
Feed conversion ratios for AF, SF, ASF dan CF feed were 2.4:1, 2.3:1,
2.1: 1 dan 2.4: 1, respectively. Spesific growth rates of the catfish fed with AF,
SF, ASF and CF were 3.48, 3.46, 3.52 and 3.46% ,whereas the survival rates
were 80.38, 74.63, 79.75 and 71.25%, respectively. No harmful effect was
observed throughout the study, on the other hand, the catfish were found to
be growing very well. In the Reverse Phased High Performance Liquid
Chromatography study, the peaks of p-carotene were detected between
0.77 to 0.82 minute whereas the peaks of a-tocopherol were detected
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between 1.9 to 2.2 minutes after the samples were injected. The
concentrations of p-carotene jn 1.0 gram of PFAD, SSE, fish meal and cod
liver oil were 18.14 ± 0.07, 24.78 ± 0.01, 19.13 ± 0.05 and 21.10 ± 0.04 ppm,
whereas the concentrations of a-tocopherol were 38.40± 0.23,78.80 ± 0497,
22.37 ± 0.03 and 6.87 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. In 1.0 gram of AF, SF,
ASF and CF feed, the concentrations of p-carotene were 15.30 ± 0.01,
18.53 ± 0.02, 16.89 ± 0.08 and 15.73 ± 0 .07 ppm, whereas the
concentrations of a-tocopherol were 19.58 ± 0.19,27.97 ± 0.04,23.01 ± 0.19
and 18.5 ± 0.07 ppm, respectively. Initia"y, the concentrations of p~carotene
and a-tocopherol in 1.0 g fingerling muscle were 1.93 ± 0.08 and 1.10 ± 0.01
ppm, respectively. At the end of the study (14th week), the concentrations
of p-carotene in 1.0 gram catfish muscle in the AF, SF, ASF and CF feeding
experiments were 8.51 ± 0.13, 11.09 ± 0.07, 10.23 ± 0.02 and 9.21 ± 0.30 ppm,
whereas the concentrations of a-tocopherol were 16.85 ± 0.30,20.56 ± 0.17,
18.48 ± 0.11 and 15.97 ± 0.11 ppm, respectively. The results showed that the
accumulation of p-carotene and a-tocopherol in the catfish musle
increased week by week (P<0.05). Catfish fed with SF feed accumulated
more p-carotene and a-tocopherol in their muscle, whereas those fed with
ASF feed showed better growth, survival rate and harvest (P < 0.05).
Description
Keywords
Biology , African catfish