Economic Valuation Of Green Open Space (Gos) And Biodiversity In Banda Aceh
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Date
2021-02
Authors
Dharma, Wira
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The ecological benefits of urban forests can be measured or calculated economically using multiple approaches. Therefore, the need to know the price that may be acquired if the benefits of urban forests are measured or calculated in monetary units so that the benefits of urban forest can be seen. This study aims to determine the change of green open space (GOS) land cover in urban forest, diversity of vegetation, birds, small mammals, the carbon stock and measure the Total Economic Value (TEV). Research data used in this study involves the pattern of land use changes by analysing satellite images taken in 2004 (before the tsunami), 2005 (after the tsunami), 2011, 2013 and 2016. Biological data was obtained through analysing the vegetation and animals. Total economic value of the natural resources was obtained by interviewing people who interact directly or indirectly with the study areas. TEV consists of use value and non-use value, where the direct use of urban forest in Banda Aceh is providing firewood and ecotourism. The form of indirect use is providing carbon value. Option value is in the form of benefits of biodiversity, and existence value is the existence of its flora and fauna. Forest cover in urban forest in Banda Aceh was reduced by 0.6 ha (1.3%) from 2004 to 2005. This was due to the great earthquake and tsunami disaster that struck the City of Banda Aceh in late 2004. However, in the course of time, the forest cover also continued to change and increase until 2016. The increase in the forest cover from 2005 to 2011 amounted to 2.6 ha (5.6%), from 2011 to 2013 the increase was 0.6 ha (1.3 %), and from 2013 to 2016 it increased by 4.2 ha (9%). The study has identified 48 tree species in the forest area in the city of Banda Aceh. Out of the 48 species of tree, the tree species with the highest importance value index (IVI) was the Samanea saman with an IVI of 67.95. With regard to the species diversity index, the study found that Tibang forest had the highest diversity index of 0.37. In terms of bird species, 17 species of birds with 627 individuals were recorded in the forest city of Banda Aceh. The Passer montanus bird species are the most commonly bird species with highest index (0.29) compared to other bird species The study also found that the Tibang forest had the highest bird diversity index, with a diversity index value of 0.32. Bat species which had the highest diversity index was the Cynopterus brachyotis which had a value of 0.36. Furthermore, four forest areas which had similar highest diversity index value for bats namely Kherkoff forest, Putroe Phang forest, Trambesi forest, and Tibang forest. As for carbon absorption, the results of this research revealed that POM forest has the largest carbon stock value of forest carbon absorption worth 884 tonnes per ha. Meanwhile, the total value of carbon stocks in urban forests of Banda Aceh amounted to 3298 tonnes per ha. The calculation of total economic value (TEV) showed for the 10 urban forests in Banda Aceh is Rp 6,8 billion ($517,187) per year.
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Keywords
Natural history