Estimation of ground structure and its impact on structural damage of building
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Date
2019-06
Authors
Tng Kah Lok
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Abstract
Local soil formation is one of the factors that affect the seismic damage of
building. Ground motion varies in different locations according to the local ground
condition. Various extents of structural damages were observed after a 6.0 magnitude
Sabah earthquake hit Ranau in 2015. The effect of ground structure to structural damage
has not been investigated. Therefore, microtremor array and single point measurement
were conducted to estimate the ground structure at SMK Ranau and Hospital Ranau. The
impact of ground structure to structural response of buildings at the site was evaluated.
The ground structures of both sites were estimated using Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC)
method for SMK Ranau and Rayleigh wave ellipticity method for Hospital Ranau.
Ground structures of SMK Ranau and Hospital Ranau were estimated and classified as
ground types B and C, respectively. The estimated ground structures were then modified
to other ground types and the ground response of each ground type was analysed using
Equivalent-linear Earthquake Response Analysis (EERA). Ground types B, C and D
were compared in term of ground surface acceleration and results shows that ground type
D gave the largest ground response and amplification factor as it showed the largest peak
ground surface acceleration, followed by ground types C and B. For structural response
simulated by STERA 3D software, the maximum storey drift, maximum storey
displacement, maximum storey shear force and the base shear-top drift were used to
investigate the structural response of building on different ground structures. In SMK
Ranau, ground type D gave the largest structural responses, followed by ground types C
and B. It is expected that more severe damage could happen if the building is located on
ground types C and D. For Hospital Ranau, except for the maximum storey displacement
which shows the largest for ground type D, the other structural responses show that
ground type C gave the largest impact, followed by ground type D and the least response is given by
ground type B. The damage of Hospital Ranau is influenced by the site
amplification of ground motion.