Microencapsulation Of Folic Acid Using Hydrolyzed Collagen By Conventional And Ultrasonic Spray Drying Method

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Date
2016-01
Authors
Hj Latip, Dayang Norlaila
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Recently, several studies have shown great trends to find good alternatives to replace synthetic polymer wall material with natural polymer. However, none of the study has utilized commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen, Cc, as a coating agent Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze physicochemical properties and functional properties of Cc, as a coating agent. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the experiment using the spray dryer method. Physicochemical and functional properties analysis was done on the commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen before drying (Cc) and after drying (Cs). Two factors have been optimized, including inlet temperature and flow rate, the results showed 138 °C and 7 % respectively. Amino acid analysis showed both samples have glycine as the amino acid primary components followed by proline and hydroxyproline with 362.78±6.35, 109.32±4.80, 105.73±7.84 respectively for Cc. Meanwhile, Cs shows slightly low value with glycine 348.68±2.44, proline 116.21±2.16, and hydroxyproline 101.72±0.83. FT-IR indicates some changes on the intensity and wavenumber of amide A, amide B, amide I, II, III between both samples. Analysis on the surface morphology by the SEM visualized Cs have much smaller and more shrinkage particles compared to Cc. DSC analysis showed high thermal transition temperature at 107.87 C° for Cc while Cs resulted at 101.04 C°. Furthermore, solubility analysis and zeta potential analysis proved a parallel result with respect to pH where the isoelectric point was at pH 4. No significant trends were observed in both emulsifying activity, EA, and emulsifying stability, ES. EA value for Cc and Cs were 61.11% and 59.67% respectively, whilst ES were slowly decreased by the time for both samples. The overall observation showed that commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen has the potential to be used as wall material due to their ability to remain stable even under extreme conditions such as extreme temperature and extreme pH conditions. Microencapsulation is a useful tool to protect sensitive substances or materials from the environment. There are many methods that have been published to conduct the microencapsulation process. However the selection of suitable wall materials also contributed to their successfulness. The objectives of this study were to optimize the spray-drying process in terms of concentration, inlet temperatures and the flow rate for encapsulation of folic acid and to investigate the potential of commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen as a wall material to microencapsulate folic acid by using conventional spray drying and ultrasonic spray drying techniques. Conventional spray drying method (Esd) and ultrasonic spray drying method (Eus) were utilized to produce microencapsulation of folic acid by commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen. Morphological studies were done by using SEM microphotography and CLSM analysis. Both showed tolerable results where Esd visualized irregular shape compared to Esd which obtained smooth surface with a spherical shape. CLSM images showed both techniques managed to produce a matrix form of encapsulation. However, microencapsulation efficiency of Esd was much lower compared to Eus, their microencapsulation efficiency were in 50% and 85% respectively. In particle size distribution analysis, Esd has broader size distribution with polydisperse pattern, meanwhile Eus has narrower size distribution with monodisperse pattern. High velocities applied by conventional spray dryer affected the morphology of the particle. FTIR analysis of Esd and Eus showed slight changes in the intensity of the functional group and the fingerprints structure compared to control. Thus, overall results showed encapsulation by ultrasonic spray dryer gave better results compared to conventional spray dryer, it can be concluded that commercial fish scale hydrolyzed collagen possesses high potential to be used as encapsulation agents for folic acid.
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Fish scale hydrolyzed collagen
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