Poly(Lactic Acid) Bionanocomposites Reinforced With Tempo-Oxidized Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Loading...
Date
2017-05
Authors
., Eti Indarti
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Bionanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) have the potentials to be used in various applications because of their biodegradability and renewability. However, due to their significant differences in hydrophobicity, it creates dispersibility and compatibility problems. To reduce these shortcomings, the NCC is modified via the silylation reaction using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). The NCC used in this research was isolated from unbleached OPEFB pulp using a combination of TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment, with solvent casting using chloroform employed for the preparation of the PLA-NCC bionanocomposite. Material characterizations were carried out using various analysis such as SEM, TEM, FTIR, 13C and 29Si Solid State NMR. For the bionancomposites, in addition to these analysis, they were also subjected to DSC, TGA, mechanical, water vapour permeability, AFM and wettability tests. Confirmation of the TEMPO oxidized NCC was obtained through a new FTIR peak at 1732 cm-1 and a new NMR signal at 174 ppm. TEM image of the NCC exhibits rod like crystals with the average width of 5.0 nm and axial ratio of 45. Evidence of a successful silylation using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) can be seen from the emergence of new FTIR peaks at 749, 1505, and 2928 cm-1, new 13C NMR signals at 42.7, 21.7 and 10.3 ppm, and new 29Si NMR peaks at -69, -61 and -43 ppm, and from EDX analysis it indicates the presence of well dispersed Si element in the NCC. Incorporation of the silylated NCC (s-NCC) into the PLA matrix have a remarkable
effect on their bionanocomposite properties.
Description
Keywords
Poly(lactic acid) bionanocomposites reinforced , tempo-oxidized oil palm empty fruit bunch