Antidiabetic Activity And Toxicity Study Of Orthosophon Stamineus Benth Ethanolic Extracts
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Date
2012-03
Authors
Mohamed, Elsnoussi Ali Hussin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular folk medicine used for the treatment of many
diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study was under taken to investigate the
antidiabetic activity, mechanism of actions and toxicity study of standardized O.
stamineus leaves extract. Leaves of O. stamineus were extracted with 95%, 75%,
50%, and 25% (ethanol : water) v/v respectively. Only the 50% ethanolic extract
(1,000 mg/kg), reduced the blood glucose level of rats loaded subcutaneously with
200 mg/kg glucose. However, the 50% ethanolic extract failed to lower the blood
glucose level of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Liquid-liquid extraction of the 50%
ethanol extract produced ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Only ethyl
acetate fraction (ESF) (1,000 mg/kg) inhibited the rise of blood glucose level of
glucose loaded rats. ESF was then fractionated further into two sub-fractions ESF-1
and ESF-2, using a dry flash column chromatography. The results showed that
treatment with ESF-2 fraction inhibited the rise of blood glucose more than ESF-1.
Administration of 50% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus at the doses of 1,000 mg/kg
twice daily for fourteen days decreased blood glucose level but not increased the
insulin level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro studies showed that 50% ethanolic
extract of O. stamineus inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in a dosedependent
manner. In vivo study showed that 50% ethanolic extract of (250, 500 and
1000 mg/kg) treatment inhibited the rise of blood glucose level of oral starch and
sucrose loaded rats respectively which suggest the extract may be useful for treatment
of postprandial hyperglycemia. The improvement of insulin resistance by an oral
administration of 50% ethanol extract of O. stamineus was also investigated in vivo.
Daily treatment of 50% ethanol extract (1,000mg/kg) for 14 days in high fat
emulsion-induced insulin resistance rats caused reduction in both plasma glucose and
insulin levels. Similar treatment to STZ-induced diabetic rats caused an increase in
the response of exogenous administration of short-acting insulin which suggests that
the treatment had reduced the insulin resistance in the rats.
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Keywords
Antidiabetic activity and toxicity study of , orthosophon stamineus benth ethanolic extracts