Determination of lead (Pb) in local cosmetic products by atomic absorption spectroscopy
Loading...
Date
2011
Authors
Rahmat, Amirah Che
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Cosmetic products have been extensively used for the purpose of personal hygiene,
to improve self-esteem, prevent aging and help people to enjoy a full and rewarding
life. However, these products can be harmful to human as it may contain heavy
metals which have been included during the manufacturing process. Many are
unaware about the effects of heavy metals in cosmetic products, especially when the
cosmetic brands are only well-known among locals. Lead, for instance is believed to
be used as color additive in cosmetic products. The aim of this study is to determine
the concentration of lead (Pb) in cosmetic products available locally. Ten different
brands of local cosmetic creams were selected and digested by using microwave
digestion system for sample pre-treatment. The samples were analyzed by Graphite
Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GF-AAS) for estimation of lead
concentration in each. The feasibility of microwave digestion was determined by
spike recovery method. The mean recoveries for spiked levels ranged between 90 to
96%. Results showed that the local cosmetic creams which have a strong vibrant
color are indicative of higher lead concentration. Results also demonstrated that the
concentrations of lead in tested creams are in the range of 0.62 to 67.5 μg/g. Of ten
samples analyzed, none has contained concentration of lead higher than that of
permitted in food by United States Food and Drug Association (US FDA) and The
Malaysia Cosmetic Guidelines and ASEAN Cosmetic Directive.
Description
Keywords
cosmetic